safety

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Fosfomycin calcium (Phosphomycin calcium salt) is a blood-brain barrier penetrating, broad-spectrum antibiotic by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Fosfomycin sodium is a bactericidal, low-molecular weight, broad-spectrum antibiotic, with putative activity against several bacteria, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

PF-3644022 is an effective, selective, and ATP-competitive MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor (IC50: 5.2 nM and a Ki of 3 nM). PF-3644022 potently inhibits TNFα production and has an anti-inflammatory effect. PF-3644022 also inhibits MK3 and p38 regulated/activated

Cilofexor inhibits binding of a synthetic peptide, Cilofexor is a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist.

Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a selective non-steroidal inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 0.13 μM, used for its anti-inflammatory properties in dogs and horses.

Nerandomilast (BI 1015550) is an orally active PDE4B inhibitor with IC50 of 7.2 nM. BI 1015550 has potential applications in inflammation, allergic diseases, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a good safety profile.

DSP-0565 exhibits anti-convulsant activity and good safety margin in various models including scPTZ, 6 Hz, MES, and amygdala kindling. DSP-0565 can be used in studies about acting as a broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug.

Milvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093) is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule, reversible, and direct antagonist of Factor XIa (FXIa). It exhibits potent inhibitory activity across species, with Ki values of 0.11 nM for human, 0.38 nM for rabbit, and 0.64 nM for dog. By targeting FXIa, Milvexian selectively inhibits the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It demonstrates robust antithrombotic efficacy in various in vitro and in vivo models while maintaining a favorable safety profile regarding bleeding risk. It is a critical tool for investigating novel anticoagulant strategies in thrombosis and cardiovascular research.

Oxeladin citrate is a highly potent and effective cough suppressant, which can treat all types of cough of various etiologies. It is not related to opium or its derivatives, so treatment with oxeladin is no risk of addiction. And it has none of the side effects (such as hypnosis, respiratory depression, tolerance, constipation and analgesia) which are present when common antitussives. It can used at every age, as well as in patients with heart disease, since it is high level of safety and a great selectivity to act on the bulbar centre of cough.

Terpin hydrate, a cis-form hydrate, is derived from sources such as oil of turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus. It is used as an insect repellent and expectorant. Terpin hydrate(cis-Terpin hydrate) is commonly used to loosen mucus and ease congestion in patients presenting with acute or chronic bronchitis, and related pulmonary conditions. It was popular in the United States since the late nineteenth century, but was removed from marketed medications in the 1990s after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that "based on the evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients". Elixirs of terpin hydrate are still available with a prescription but must be prepared by a compounding pharmacy.

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to ceftriaxone in terms of safety and efficacy. Cefotaxime sodium (Cefotaxim sodium salt) is marketed under various trade names including Claforan (Sanofi-Aventis).

Imazamox ((±)-Imazamox) is a systemic herbicide with high selectivity, high activity, safety and broadspectrum activity. Imazamox inhibits the production of acetolactate synthase (ALS) in plants, which would then inhibit plant growth and ultimately lead to plant death.

Balsalazide disodium dihydrate is an aminosalicylate prodrug that releases mesalazine (HY-15027) in the colon. It also exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects by modulating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway, and is used in the research of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

Metoclopramide (5-Chloro-2-methoxyprocainamide) is a dopamine D2 antagonist which has been used for treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms over the last thirty years. In various countries, metoclopramide is the antiemetic drug of choice in pregnant women. Findings provide reassurance regarding the safety of metoclopramide for the fetus when the drug is given to women to relieve nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Evidence also supports its use for gastroparesis (poor stomach emptying) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It appears to bind to dopamine D2 receptors where it is a receptor antagonist, and is also a mixed 5-HT3 receptor antagonist/ 5-HT4 receptor agonist.

KLS-13019 is a highly effective and orally active GPR55 receptor antagonist, a cannabidiol (CBD)-derived neuroprotective agent that can reverse chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and is suitable for studying hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

BRD20322 is a novel potent inhibitor of spCas9 that disrupts spCas9-DNA binding and exerts dose and temporal control of spCas9 in human cell lines. It reduces off-target DNA editing events, enhancing the precision and safety of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.

(iso)-BRD20322 is an isomer of BRD20322, a novel potent inhibitor of spCas9 that disrupts the binding of spCas9 to DNA and reduces non-specific DNA editing events, thereby improving the safety and accuracy of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system.

LY2457546 is a highly potent, orally bioavailable multi-target anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It shows strong inhibitory activity against multiple targets including VEGFR2, PDGFRβ, FLT-3, Tie-2, and Eph family receptors, and is applied in cancer research such as leukemia.

P-113 acetate is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5, shows good safety and efficacy profiles in gingivitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with oral candidiasis.

Roxatidine acetate is an anti-ulcer agent and histamine antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion. Compared to other similar drugs, Roxatidine acetate has an improved safety profile, in part because lower doses of roxatidine acetate are therapeutica

Itacitinib adipate is an orally bioavailable and selective JAK1 inhibitor, tested for efficacy and safety in a phase II trial in myelofibrosis.