rxrγ

Acitretin (Ro 10-1670) is a second-generation systemic retinoid used in the treatment of psoriasis.

Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a prostaglandin F2alpha analogue and a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist with an ocular hypertensive effect.

Bexarotene (LGD1069) is a retinoid analogue that is used to treat the skin manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

LG-100064 is an agonist of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)(EC50s of 330 nM, 200 nM, and 260 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ)

AGN194204 (IRX4204) is inactive against RAR and is an orally active and selective RXR agonist with Kd values 0.4 nM, 3.6 nM and 3.8 nM and EC50s of 0.2 nM, 0.8 nM and 0.08 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ, respectively. AGN194204 has anti-inflammatory and antic

BMS-185354 is a selective RARγ activator with an EC50 value of 28 nM, offering potential for cancer research.

LE135 is a potent RAR antagonist that binds selectively to RARα (Ki of 1.4 μM) and RARβ (Ki of 220 nM), showing higher affinity for RARβ. It is highly selective over RARγ, RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ. LE135 also acts as a potent TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptor activator with EC50s of 2.5 μM and 20 μM, respectively.

BMS270394 is a RARγ agonist used in the study of breast cancer and dermatologic diseases.

9(R)-HETE, which constitutes 50% of (±)9-HETE, activates RXRγ-dependent transcription 1.5-fold relative to a control at a concentration of 300 nM. The stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on the comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

HX-600 is a synthetic agonist for the RXR-Nurr1 heterodimer complex. HX-600 prevents ischemia-induced neuronal damage.

Drupanin, isolated from green propolis, selectively inhibits the AKR1C3 enzyme and shows promise for breast cancer research [1].

Dendrogenin A (DDA) is a compound acting as a selective liver X receptor (LXR) modulator, cholesterol epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (Ki = 120 nM), and a metabolic product of cholesterol, originating from 5,6α-epoxy cholesterol through histamine conjugation via DDA synthase. This compound is present in non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cells and melanocytes, but absent or minimally present in various breast carcinoma, melanoma cells, and isolated human breast tumor tissues. DDA impedes the activation of LXRβ and LXRα induced by 22(R)-hydroxy cholesterol (IC50s = 76 and 362 nM, respectively), yet it also functions as a partial LXR agonist, boosting the protein levels of Nur77, NOR-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II in B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. It shows a preference for LXRα and LXRβ modulation while displaying selectivity over other receptors including pregnane X receptor (PXR), and various others at a concentration of 2.5 µM. Moreover, DDA enhances LC3-II protein levels in cancer cells and prompts autophagic cell death at specific concentrations. Notably, DDA (0.37 µg/kg) has been shown to diminish tumor growth in melanoma and mammary cancer murine models and promotes cancer cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.

AGN 193109 is a potent antagonist of retinoic acid receptors (RARs; Kd= 2, 2, and 3 nM for RARα, β, and γ, respectively), exhibiting selectivity for RARs over retinoid X receptors (RXRs; Kd= >10,000 nM for human RXRα, β, and γ receptors). This compound effectively reverses cellular morphology changes and growth suppression induced by RAR agonists such as all-trans-RA, 13-cis-RA, and 9-cis-RA in ECE16-1 human endometrial ectocervical epithelial cells, particularly when used at a 10-fold molar excess. Furthermore, AGN 193109 downregulates the expression of cytokeratin K5-8, 13, 14, 16, 17, and 19 genes, indicating inhibition of retinoid action, specifically when co-administered with TTNPB but not as a standalone treatment. In vivo studies demonstrate teratogenic effects, including cleft palate, frontonasal dysplasia, and eye malformations in mouse fetuses following a single oral dose of 1 mg kg.

6-Hydroxy Bexarotene, an oxidative metabolite of bexarotene, serves as a high-affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs), specifically binding to RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ, as well as to the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) with dissociation constants (Kds) of 3.46, 4.21, 4.83, and 8.17 μM, respectively. It demonstrates selective activation of RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ over RARα, RARβ, and RARγ in vitro, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of 398, 356, 420, 4,414, 2,121, and 2,043 nM, respectively.