experimental

KN-92 phosphate (KN92-H3PO4) is an inactive derivative of KN-93. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), competitively blocking CaM binding to the kinase (Ki = 370 nM).

KN-92 hydrochloride is an inactive derivative of the selective Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93, which competitively blocks CaM binding to the kinase with a Ki of 370 nM.

Experimental allergic encephalitogenic peptide (human), an EAE peptide, induces encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs [1].

Tribromoethyl alcohol (Avertin) is an organic compound used to anesthetize mice.

IAXO-102 is a TLR4 antagonist that negatively regulates TLR4 signaling by inhibiting MAPK and p65 NF-κB phosphorylation, as well as the expression of TLR4-dependent proinflammatory proteins. It also prevents the development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm.

MCC950 (CP-456773) is a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor (IC50=7.5-8.1 nM). MCC950 can be used to treat inflammatory diseases, inflammation-related tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It also alters cell membrane permeability and selectively inhibits RNA synthesis. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat severe infections resistant to other antibiotics and is frequently employed in experimental studies to induce kidney injury models.

Agomelatine (L(+)-Tartaric acid) is a specific agonist of MT1 and MT2 receptors (Kis: 0.1, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.27 nM for CHO-hMT1, HEK-hMT1, CHO-hMT2, and HEK-hMT2), and Agomelatine (S-20098). L(+)-Tartaric acid also functions as a selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (pKis: 6.4 and 6.2 at native porcine and cloned human 5-HT2C receptors), actively supporting research into melatonergic signaling pathways, receptor-mediated regulation, and novel psychiatric therapeutics by enabling precise modulation of circadian and serotonergic systems in cellular models to improve neuropharmacological understanding and experimental reproducibility across neuroscientific and clinical translational studies.

ASP-4058 is a selective, safe, and orally active second-generation agonist of sphingosine phosphate receptors 1 and 5 (S1P1 and S1P5).ASP-4058 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

DZ2002, an orally active, reversible, and low-cytotoxic type III SAHH inhibitor (Ki=17.9 nM), exhibits significant immunosuppressive activity. It effectively prevents experimental dermal fibrosis by reversing the profibrotic phenotype in multiple cell types, making it useful for studying autoimmune diseases like lupus syndrome and systemic sclerosis.

HSR6071 is a novel orally active and potent anti-allergic agent with inhibitory effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. HSR6071 showed anti-asthmatic activity in a rat model of experimental asthma.

MEG hemisulfate (Mercaptoethylguanidine hemisulfate) acts as a highly potent and selective suppressor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), demonstrating EC50 values of 11.5 μM for iNOS, 110 μM for ecNOS, and 60 μM for bNOS in tissue homogenates. It is notably effective as a peroxynitrite scavenger and blocks peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative mechanisms. Furthermore, this compound offers protective benefits across various experimental inflammation prototypes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and both endotoxic and septic shock.

Immethridine dihydrobromide is a novel, highly potent and selective histamine H3 receptor (H3R) agonist that inhibits dendritic cell function and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Immethridine dihydrobromide MesV induces depolarization of neurons and the MMN and prevents cardiorenal and renal injury. injury.

GGTI-2133 is a potent mimetic peptidyl geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitor (GGTase I) with an IC50 value of 38 nM.GGTI-2133 inhibits the invasion of inflammatory cells into the airways in experimental asthma in mice.

Vatanidipine (AE0047) is a novel dihydropyridine (DHP)-type calcium channel blocker with slow-onset pharmacological actions.A slow-onset and long-lasting hypotensive action was observed in various experimental hypertensive models.

Mopidamol (RA 233) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a dipyridamole derivative, with anticancer activity that prevents retinal vascular defects in experimental diabetes.

SCH 57790 is a novel and selective muscarinic M(2) receptor antagonist that releases acetylcholine and enhances cognition in experimental animals for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

AMG-369 (AMG 247) is an S1P1/S1P5 dual agonist that delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. encephalomyelitis in rats.

DNDI-6148 has anti-experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis activity and can be used to study visceral leishmaniasis by inhibiting Leishmania protozoa cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor (CPSF3) endonuclease.

Ciamexon (Ciamexone) is a novel immunomodulator that has shown promising results in experimental models of autoimmune disease with little demonstrated cytotoxicity.Ciamexon can be used to study endocrine ophthalmopathies and diabetes mellitus, with slight improvement in ophthalmic disease following short-term administration.

Mifentidine (DA 4577) is an orally available H2 receptor antagonist for the study of gastric emptying and experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Mitoquidone, a novel pentacyclic pyrroloquinone, is a potential anticancer agent. Mitoquidone showed good activity in a range of experimental solid tumour models and did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity.

Moxipraquine is a novel 8-aminoquinolone compound with anti-infective activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Moxipraquine effectively inhibited parasitemia but did not eradicate infections in mice or guinea pigs. Moxipraquine was effective against experimental infections of Leishmania major, Lactobacillus mexicanus, and Lactobacillus brasiliensis, but was Ineffective.

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1/NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.