pneumonia

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) is an aromatic diamidine agent effective against various microorganisms, including protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania spp., and Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jirovecii). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and phosphatase of regenerating liver. Pentamidine dihydrochloride inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (BAY12-8039 HCl) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as atypical pathogens. Moxifloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy and to rare instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice.

Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycin monosulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Kanamycin sulfate exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycoplasmas.

Atovaquone (Atavaquone) is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.

Pentamidine is an antifungal and antiprotozoal agent, interacting directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication.

1-Hydroxyanthraquinone is an anthraquinone that has been found in Morinda officinalis and has genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone generates strong DNA repair response.

Tulathromycin A (CP 472295) is a macrolide antibiotic.

Tiamulin (Thiamutilin) is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic

Lysionotin (Nevadensin) has expectorant, eliminating phlegm, softening effects.

Tenuigenin (Senegenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Omadacycline (Amadacycline), a new tetracycline antibiotic, can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

Trimethoprim (NSC-106568) is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of trimethoprim is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.

Avibactam sodium (NXL-104) is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits TEM-1, P99, and KPC-2 β-lactamases (IC50=8/80/38 nM) covalently and reversibly. Avibactam sodium has antimicrobial activity and can be used to treat urinary tract infections.

Oritavancin diphosphate (LY333328 diphosphate) is a novel semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic developed for treating serious Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Tebipenem Pivoxil (Orapenem) , an orally activity carbapenem antibiotic, is utilized in treating otolaryngologic and respiratory infections.

Garenoxacin (BMS284756) is a novel oral des-fluoro(6) quinolone for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Garenoxacin mesylate hydrate (Garenoxacin mesylate [USAN]) with potent antimicrobial activity, against common respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains.

Chlamydia pneumoniae-IN-1 (compound 55), a benzimidazole derivative, exhibits potent antibacterial activity, inhibiting 99% of C. pneumoniae growth at a concentration of 10 μM while maintaining 95% viability of host cells. It effectively inhibits the CV-6 strain of C. pneumoniae with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.6 μM, demonstrating its antichlamydial efficacy [1].

Lipopolysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae (LPS, from bacterial [Klebsiella pneumoniae]) are lipid-polysaccharide endotoxins and TLR4 activators originating from Klebsiella pneumoniae, classified as S-type LPS. They exhibit a characteristic tripartite structure comprising an O-antigen, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. These lipopolysaccharides may contribute to bacterial immune evasion by inhibiting complement-mediated killing and suppressing host antimicrobial peptide secretion, thus helping bacteria evade immune defenses. Possessing high viscosity and serum resistance, they can potentially induce sepsis. Additionally, these lipopolysaccharides are utilized in the development of animal models for sepsis/septicemia.

O-Glycanase, Streptococcus pneumoniae, acts on core disaccharides containing N-acetylgalactosamine.

α2-3 Neuraminidase S, Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the glycosidic bonds of neuraminic acid.

Topoisomerase IV, Streptococcus pneumoniae (EC 5.99.1.), is produced by overexpressing its subunit in Escherichia coli.

Blasticidin S HCl is a natural product and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Blasticidin S HCl is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can inhibit the cell growth of prokaryotes, fungi, plants and mammalian cells.

LpxH-IN-AZ1 is a potent inhibitor of the UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphate hydrolase, LpxH, and sulfonylpiperazine compounds.LpxH-IN-AZ1 exhibits antimicrobial activity and inhibits Klebsiella pneumoniae with an IC50 of 0.36 μM.