pneumonia

Pentamidine dihydrochloride (MP-601205 dihydrochloride) is an aromatic diamidine agent effective against various microorganisms, including protozoa (Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania spp., and Babesia spp.) and fungi (Pneumocystis jirovecii). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases and phosphatase of regenerating liver. Pentamidine dihydrochloride inhibits the parasite Leishmania infantum with an IC50 of 2.5 μM.

Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (BAY12-8039 HCl) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria as well as atypical pathogens. Moxifloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy and to rare instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice.

Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycin monosulfate) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Kanamycin sulfate exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as mycoplasmas.

Atovaquone (Atavaquone) is a hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.

Pentamidine is an antifungal and antiprotozoal agent, interacting directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication.

1-Hydroxyanthraquinone is an anthraquinone that has been found in Morinda officinalis and has genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone generates strong DNA repair response.

Tulathromycin A (CP 472295) is a macrolide antibiotic.

Tiamulin (Thiamutilin) is a semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic

Lysionotin (Nevadensin) has expectorant, eliminating phlegm, softening effects.

Tenuigenin (Senegenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Omadacycline (Amadacycline), a new tetracycline antibiotic, can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

Chlamydia pneumoniae-IN-1 (compound 55), a benzimidazole derivative, exhibits potent antibacterial activity, inhibiting 99% of C. pneumoniae growth at a concentration of 10 μM while maintaining 95% viability of host cells. It effectively inhibits the CV-6 strain of C. pneumoniae with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.6 μM, demonstrating its antichlamydial efficacy [1].

Lipopolysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae (LPS, from bacterial [Klebsiella pneumoniae]) are lipid-polysaccharide endotoxins and TLR4 activators originating from Klebsiella pneumoniae, classified as S-type LPS. They exhibit a characteristic tripartite structure comprising an O-antigen, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. These lipopolysaccharides may contribute to bacterial immune evasion by inhibiting complement-mediated killing and suppressing host antimicrobial peptide secretion, thus helping bacteria evade immune defenses. Possessing high viscosity and serum resistance, they can potentially induce sepsis. Additionally, these lipopolysaccharides are utilized in the development of animal models for sepsis/septicemia.

Ceftolozane sulfate (FR-264205) is a cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibits P. aeruginosa PAO1, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is used in the study of pneumonia.

KT203, a selective and potent structural domain 6 (ABHD6) inhibitor of alpha/beta hydrolytic enzymes, exhibits potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties for pneumonia research.

Lanopepden (GSK 1322322) is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor effective against Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC 29213 and ATCC 25923, and is applicable in the study of pneumonia, dermatological, and infectious diseases.

Vaborbactam (RPX7009) is a β-lactamase inhibitor that is often used in conjunction with meropenem to study pneumonia and CRE infections.

JNJ-10311795 (RWJ-355871) is a potent dual inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (Ki = 38 nM) and mast cell chymase (Ki = 2.3 nM) with significant anti-inflammatory activity, useful for studying pneumonia.

Bofutrelvir (FB2001) is a SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor with antiviral activity for the study of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) infections.

Dirithromycin (LY237216) is a macrolide glycopeptide antibiotic. It is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, and even skin infections.

Trimethoprim (NSC-106568) is a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor Antibacterial. The mechanism of action of trimethoprim is as a Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C8 Inhibitor, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitor.

Avibactam sodium (NXL-104) is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits TEM-1, P99, and KPC-2 β-lactamases (IC50=8/80/38 nM) covalently and reversibly. Avibactam sodium has antimicrobial activity and can be used to treat urinary tract infections.

Faropenem sodium is an orally bioavailable penem antibiotic effective in treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia.

Kanamycin (Kanamycin A) is an orally administered aminoglycoside antibiotic with antibacterial activity, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication by targeting cellular RNA, used for research on tuberculosis and pneumonia.