neurotoxin

Neurotoxin Inhibitor is an inhibitor of neurotoxin.

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopamine neurotoxin and the precursor of MPP⁺. It can induce apoptosis and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used for the construction of Parkinson's disease animal models.

λ-Cyhalothrin (Icon) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide featuring a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum formula with an α-cyano group. It is employed across various applications for controlling a wide array of pests. As a neurotoxin, λ-Cyhalothrin acts on sodium channels in neuron membranes within the central nervous system.

β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine hydrochloride (L-BMAA hydrochloride) is a neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria that may contribute to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.

DSP-4 hydrochloride (Neurotoxin DSP 4 (hydrochloride)) (Neurotoxin DSP 4 hydrochloride) can be used for the temporary selective degradation of the central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons, mainly those from the locus coeruleus (LC). is a highly selective neurotoxin and readily passes the blood-brain barrier with neurotoxic effects on noradrenergic neurons of adult and developing rats,

6-FAM-AEEAC-SHK TFA, a peptide neurotoxin derived from Stichodactyla helianthus and conjugated with a fluorescent marker, selectively blocks voltage-gated potassium channels (kv1.1 and kv1.2). By prolonging action potentials, it interferes with neural signal conduction, making it valuable in neuroscience research.

Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.

Sabeluzole (R-58735) has antiepileptic and cognitive enhancing effects, inhibits neurotoxin-induced tau expression and cell death.Sabeluzole is protective against chlordiazepoxide-induced habituation disorders and may be useful in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid is an abnormal metabolite, a neurotoxin and a metabolic toxin.

3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid (2-Oxoisovaleric acid) is an abnormal metabolite that arises from the incomplete breakdown of branched-chain amino acids. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a neurotoxin, an acidogen, and a metabotoxin. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid is a keto-acid, which is a subclass of organic acids. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis.

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.

2,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde can act on the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), inhibiting the cleavage of BoNT A light chain, ic50=4.9μM.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid hydrochloride is a potential neurotoxin.

Pi-Methylimidazoleacetic acid, considered a potential neurotoxin, targets the nervous system and may pose significant health risks when absorbed or metabolized within biological systems.

BoNT-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Botulinum neurotoxin A light chain (BoNTA LC) with an IC50 of 0.9 µM.

Caramboxin, a neurotoxin, can induce acute kidney injury.

NEMERTELLINE is a tetrapyridine neurotoxin isolated from Hoplonemertine marine worms. It may exhibit neurotoxic, anti-predation, and anti-fouling properties. Structurally, this compound resembles the tobacco constituent [nicotelline].

6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is the 6-hydroxy derivative of the amino acid L-DOPA with neurotoxic properties. Exogenously administered 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is biotransformed by an amino acid decarboxylase to the highly potent and catecholamine-selective neurotoxin, 6-Hydroxydopamine.

MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a dopamine neurotoxin capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, often employed to induce models of Parkinson's syndrome. As a precursor to MPP+, MPTP can trigger apoptosis (apoptosis).

PPO-allene is a covalent inhibitor of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) light chain with an IC50 of 20.9 μM. In mice, PPO-allene has a half-life of approximately 1.5 hours when administered intravenously at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg.

HPTP is a monoaminergic neurotoxin related to MPTP. It is the dehydration product of haloperidol. The agent is specifically a dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxin. HPTP is a prodrug of HPP+, which mediates its monoaminergic neurotoxicity, HPTP can be utilized for building neurotoxic or immuno-deficient model for research related to neuroscience.

Methiocarb is a carbamate insecticide acting as a reversible AChE or ChE inhibitor, inducing oxidative stress in rats.