nosynthase

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

L-Arginine hydrochloride is a nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) is a potential inhibitor of the mitogen-activated phosphor kinase pathway and an anti-inflammatory agent first isolated from the medicinal plant S. tuberosa. Additionally, it shows promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

Agmatine sulfate (Agmatine sulfate salt) is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB): a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia mediated vascular leakage in brain.

Ethyl cinnamate has antifungal, and vasorelaxant effects. Ethyl cinnamate can lead to the damage of cell membrane system and metabolic disorder through inducing lipid peroxidation via initiating ROS overproduction. Ethyl cinnamate can inhibit the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM.

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Taraxasterol (Taraxasterin) is compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside (Piceatannol 3-glycoside) increases pulmonary blood oxygen tension and decreases pulmonary interstitial edema, so it can protect lung injury.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

L-Canavanine sulfate is a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor.

Escin Ib inhibits gastric emptying, at least in part, mediated by capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, to stimulate the synthesis and or release of dopamine, to act through central dopamine2 receptor, which in turn causes the release of PGs.

1. Irisflorentin blocks apoptosis pathways, by exerting its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression. 2. Irisflorentin has anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macr

Anemarsaponin B has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Anemarsaponin B can inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro.

6-Biopterin (L-Biopterin) is a natural product,is a NO synthase cofactor.

Meliadubin B, a natural triterpenoid, effectively inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils (EC 50 of 5.54 μM) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. Additionally, it demonstrates significant antifungal properties against the rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, with an IC 50 of 182.50 μM.

Kadsulignan H (compound 13), a lignan, exhibits inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production, presenting an IC50 value of 14.1 μM in BV-2 cells [1].

Schiarisanrin A (Kadsulignan J), a lignan, exhibits inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production, demonstrating an IC50 of 9.6 μM in BV-2 cells [1].

Multiflorin B (compound 5), a kaempferol glycoside, can be extracted from the root of Neocheiropteris palmatopedata. This compound demonstrates the ability to inhibit nitric oxide production, achieving a 52% inhibition at a concentration of 20 μg ml [1].

Protosappanin A (PTA) has anti-oxidative nitrative activities on brain immune and neuroinflammation through regulation of CD14 TLR4-dependent IKK IκB NF-κB inflammation signal pathway; it exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway. Protosappanin A and protosappanin B have antimicrobial activity, they show both alone activities and resistance reversal effects of amikacin and gentamicin against MRSA. Protosappanin A shows strong effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 12.6 uM.

Tirucallol is an antiinflammatory agent isolated from Euphorbia lactea.Tirucallol exerts a topical anti-inflammatory effect in vivo, via a mechanism of action related to the neutrophil migration.