nosynthase

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

2-Thiouracil (Deracil) is a thiolated uracil derivative that is a known anti-hyperthyroid agent.

Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.

2-Ethylpyrazine is present in roasted coffee beans and is a volatile compound .2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation through the activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factors.2-Ethylpyrazine activates NO synthesis through the action of endothelial endothelial NO synthase.2-Ethylpyrazine induces vasodilation by inducing NO release and increasing peripheral blood flow to induce vasodilation.

(E)-Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl (E)-ferulate) is a potential inhibitor of the mitogen-activated phosphor kinase pathway and an anti-inflammatory agent first isolated from the medicinal plant S. tuberosa. Additionally, it shows promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus.

Agmatine sulfate (Agmatine sulfate salt) is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets, such as neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

1. Isoquercetin (3-Glucosylquercetin) is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. 2. Isoquercetin may be as a potential therapeutic agent against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. 3. Isoquercetin is an inhibitor of Wnt β-catenin and may be as a potential novel anti-tumoral agent, such as against human pancreati,liver cancer related to opioid receptors and to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. .

Ethyl cinnamate has antifungal, and vasorelaxant effects. Ethyl cinnamate can lead to the damage of cell membrane system and metabolic disorder through inducing lipid peroxidation via initiating ROS overproduction. Ethyl cinnamate can inhibit the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM.

Anhydronotoptol (4-{[(2E,5E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5,7-trien-1-yl]oxy}-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one), a natural compound extracted from the umbelliferae plant Qiangwu, is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide production, inhibiting LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 36.6 μM.

Curvularin ((S)-Curvularin) is a quorum-sensing antagonist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlR extractable from Curvularia lunata, a mycotoxin with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibition of cytokine-induced NO synthase, and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in antimyelocytes. study inflammation.

Kazinol B is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production, an isopentenylated flavan with a dimethylpyran ring.Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by activating the insulin-Akt signalling pathway and AMPK, which enhances glucose uptake.Kazinol B stimulates gene expression and secretion of adiponectin and can be used to study diabetes.

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Epibetulinic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin.

Taraxasterol (Taraxasterin) is compound with anti-inflammatory activity.

Crocin II (Crocetin gentiobiosylglucosyl ester) has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, the effect of crocin is mainly mediated by reducing the protein expression of iNOS and caspase-3. Crocin II can ameliorate CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, caspase3 and oxidative stress along with modulation of liver metabolizing enzymes favoring elimination of CCl4 toxic metabolite. Crocin II has antihyperlipidemic effect, may be due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase and crocin, and its metabolite, Crocin II , can improve hyperlipidemia. Crocin has antidepressant effects by increasing CREB, BDNF and VGF levels in hippocampus.

Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (Cimifugin 7-glucoside) can inhibit the proliferation of SMC(smooth muscle cell) stimulated by TNF-alpha, increase the proportion of G0/G1 phase.

Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside (Piceatannol 3-glycoside) increases pulmonary blood oxygen tension and decreases pulmonary interstitial edema, so it can protect lung injury.

Paederosidic acid methyl ester has antinociception, is possibly related to the pathway of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K(+) channels.

L-Canavanine sulfate is a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor.

Escin Ib inhibits gastric emptying, at least in part, mediated by capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, to stimulate the synthesis and/or release of dopamine, to act through central dopamine2 receptor, which in turn causes the release of PGs.

1. Irisflorentin blocks apoptosis pathways, by exerting its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression. 2. Irisflorentin has anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macr

1. Harpagoside has anti-inflammatory activity. 2. Harpagoside at 3 mM concentration, shows moderate inhibition of seed germination. 3. Harpagoside can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA levels and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible

Anemarsaponin B has anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-treated RAW 264.7macrophages, the effect is associated with the inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity, possibly via the p38 MAP kinase pathway. Anemarsaponin B can inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation in vitro.