cell division

Pyrimethamine (Pirimecidan) is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), used as an antimalarial drug.

CDK4/6/1 Inhibitor (Crozbaciclib) is a type of CDK4/6 inhibitor (IC50s: 3 and 1 nM). CDK4/6 inhibitor is a class of compounds used for the treatment of some types of hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, which can block the process of breast cancer cell division and reproduction.

3MB-PP1 is a bulky purine analog and a Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibitor. In cells expressing analog-sensitive Plk1 alleles, 3MB-PP1 blocks mitotic progression and cell division arise by targeting Plk1. 3MB-PP1 specifically inhibits analog-sensitive Ssn3 (Cdk8). 3MB-PP1 inhibits Leu93 Mutant Zipper-interacting protein kinase with IC50 of 2 μM. 3MB-PP1 can be used for the research of cell division and hypha formation of Candida albicans.

XL-413 is an orally bioavailable cell division cycle 7 homolog (CDC7) kinase inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. XL-413 binds to and inhibits the activity of CDC7, which may result in the inhibition of DNA replication and mitosis, the induct

(Rac)-RK-682 is a racemic mixture that functions as a protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) inhibitor, specifically targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (LMW-PTP), and cell division cycle 25B (CDC-25B), with inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 8.6 μM, 12.4 μM, and 0.7 μM, respectively [1].

CDK2-IN-13 is a potent Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor (IC50 value: 12 µM).CDK2-IN-13 is involved in cell cycle regulation and can arrest the cell cycle. CDK2-IN-13 prevents cell division and proliferation, induces apoptosis, and can be used in cancer research.

Milataxel is an orally bioavailable taxane with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, milataxel and its major active metabolite M-10 bind to and stabilize tubulin, resulting in the inhibition of microtubule depolymerization and cell division, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Unlike other taxane compounds, milataxel appears to be a poor substrate for the multidrug resistance (MDR) membrane-associated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump and may be useful for treating multidrug-resistant tumors. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP), benzyl adenine or BAP is a first-generation synthetic cytokinin that elicits plant growth and development responses, setting blossoms and stimulating fruit richness by stimulating cell division. It is an inhibitor of respiratory kinase in plants, and increases post-harvest life of green vegetables.

Flumequine (R-802) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It operates by inhibiting DNA gyrase (a type II topoisomerase) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for separating bacterial DNA, thereby preventing cell division.

Cephalothin sodium (Cefalotin) binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cephalothin sodium (Cefalotin) is the sodium salt form of cephalothin, a semisynthetic, beta-lactam, the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

(CL227193) )binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis. Piperacillin Sodium is the sodium salt of piperacillin, a broad-spectrum semisynthetic, ampicillin-derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. PBPs participate in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall, and in reshaping the cell wall during cell division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity.

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA-M) is a lectin, isolated from the red kidney bean , induces apoptosis via increasing proapoptotic protein Bax and activating caspases-3. Anti-tumor activity

Capecitabine (Capecitibine) is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate belonging to the class of antineoplastic agents called antimetabolites. As a prodrug, capecitabine is selectively activated by tumor cells to its cytotoxic moiety, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA synthesis and cell division by reducing normal thymidine production, while FUTP inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand.

Doxifluridine (AMC 0101) is a fluoropyrimidine derivative and oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with antitumor activity. Doxifluridine, designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-FU by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, is converted into 5-FU in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis and subsequent cell division by reducing normal thymidine production and interferes with RNA transcription by competing with uridine triphosphate for incorporation into the RNA strand.

Maleic hydrazide is a plant growth regulator and germination inhibitor that participates in nucleic acid metabolism pathways within plants, thereby inhibiting cell division in the apical meristem.

Psoralen (Ficusin) is a furocoumarin that intercalates with DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division.

Glycerophospholipids, cephalins (Phosphatidylethanolamines (egg)) are a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamines isolated from eggs, with various fatty acyl groups at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Glycerophospholipids and cephalins can be completely hydrolyzed to obtain 1 mol of glycerol, phosphoric acid, ethanolamine and 2 mol of fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamines play a role in membrane fusion and disassembly of contractile rings during cell division, regulating membrane curvature. Phosphatidylethanolamines are able to transmit infectious prions without the help of any proteins or nucleic acids. One of the main roles of Phosphatidylethanolamines in bacterial membranes is to disperse the negative charges caused by anionic membrane phospholipids.

3-Indoleacetic acid sodium (Heteroauxin sodium salt) is a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class. It can stimulate cell elongation and division, promoting plant growth and development. However, at high concentrations, it exhibits growth inhibiting effects, including epinasty and prevention of shoot and root growth. This latter effect formed the basis for which synthetic auxins were developed as herbicides and bioregulators in agriculture.

Cefoperazone (Medocef) binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. It can inhibit rMrp2-mediated [3H]E217βG uptake (IC50: 199 μM).

Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate (Cholesterol hydrogen succinate) is a highly soluble cholesterol analogue often used in polar solutions for its hepatoprotective, anticancer and tumour growth inhibiting properties. Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate inhibits the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen and prevents AAP-induced apoptosis and necrosis in hepatocytes. Cholesteryl Hemisuccinate inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and repair as well as cell division.

Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine. Zeatin was discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea. It promotes growth of lateral buds and when sprayed on meristems stimulates cell division to produce bushier plants.

trans-Zeatin ((E)-Zeatin) is the member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins, which regulate cell division, development, and nutrient processing.

Trimethylcolchicinic acid (N-Deacetylcolchiceine) is an orally available colchicine analog that binds to tubulin and inhibits its polymerization into microtubules, preventing cell division and having potential antitumor activity.

M2N12 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of cell division cycle 25C protein phosphatase (Cdc25C, IC50 = 0.09 μM) and also exhibits anti-tumor activity. Additionally, M2N12 shows promising activity against Cdc25A (IC50 = 0.53 μM) and Cdc25B (IC50 = 1.39 μM).