retinal

INCA-6 (Triptycene-1,4-quinone) is a cell-permeable NFAT inhibitor that disrupts CN-NFAT signaling by targeting the NFAT(P) substrate at the calcineurin (CN) phosphatase site.

Monomethyl fumarate is a potent agonist of GPR109A .

Nitrofen is a selective contact herbicide that acts as an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and retinal dehydrogenase.

CYM5442 is an S1P agonist, targeting to Sphingosine.

WS3, a β cell proliferation inducer, regulates Erb3 binding protein-1 (EBP1) and the IκB kinase pathway.

11-cis Retinal is a chromophore that binds to opsin in the mammalian visual system as an inverse agonist forming the inactive conformation of rhodopsin. When 11-cis retinal absorbs a photon of light, it isomerizes to form all-trans retinal beginning the phototransduction cycle, which is the basis for mammalian vision. A G121L mutation in opsin allows 11-cis retinal to bind as a partial agonist and activate rhodopsin in the absence of light. In a moth model of carotenoid deficiency-induced low visual sensitivity, 11-cis retinal application to compound eyes restored visual sensitivity almost completely.

All-trans-retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) is a one of the major vitamin A metabolites in the retina. All-trans-RAL is regenerated to the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal in physiological conditions.

9-cis-Retinal is a retinoid with Kd of 8 nM and 5 nM for cellular retinol binding protein-I (CRBP-1) and CRBP-II, respectively. 9-cis-Retinal accelerates the differentiation and maturation of rod photoreceptors in retinal organoids, reduces the toxicity of unliganded opsins, and can be used to study congenital stationary night blindness caused by G90D rhodopsin.

All-trans-retinal (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving All-trans-retinal. All-trans-retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde) is a one of the major vitamin A metabolites in the retina. All-trans-RAL is regenerated to the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal in physiological conditions.

SPHINX31 is a potent inhibitor of serine/arginine-rich protein kinase 1 (SRPK1; IC50: 5.9 nM).

3-Diazirinophenylretinal is a bioactive chemical.

Retinaloxime is a retinoid.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is a fluorescent chromophore isolated from lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium, a lipophilic cation and weak photosensitizer with cytotoxicity. A2E promotes apoptosis under blue light exposure and induces autophagy under photoactivation, damaging membrane integrity in a concentration-dependent manner.

Soraprazan (BYK61359) is a selective potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits gastric acid secretion and ameliorates age-related eye disease by removing lipofuscin from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.

Mopidamol (RA 233) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a dipyridamole derivative, with anticancer activity that prevents retinal vascular defects in experimental diabetes.

Retinyl acetate (Vitamin A acetate) is a group of unsaturated nutritional hydrocarbons, that contains retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, and several provitamins A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important.

Sulbutiamine (Bisibuthiamine) is an antioxidant that act by inhibiting oxidative stress induced retinal ganglion cell death.

Vamikibart (RG6179) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6). It antagonizes IL-6-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling to effectively inhibit uveitic macular edema (UME) and reduce retinal leakage. In clinical studies, Vamikibart administered via intravitreal injection significantly decreases anterior chamber cell density, demonstrating potent intraocular anti-inflammatory effects.

Apigenin-7-diglucuronide, a flavonoid glycoside found in various medicinal plants, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It protects retinas from bright light-induced photoreceptor degeneration by inhibiting retinal oxidative stress and inflammation.

ATWLPPR Peptide TFA is a selective neuropilin-1 inhibitor and inhibits VEGF165 binding to NRP-1. It has the potential in reducing the early retinal damage caused by diabetes.

Y-33075 (Y-39983 free base) is a ROCK inhibitor that lowers intraocular pressure (IOP), increases blood flow to the optic nerve head (ONH), and increases the number of RGCs (retinal ganglion cells) in the body with regenerating axons.

9-cis-β-Carotene, a precursor of retinal, is cleaved by beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to produce 9-cis-retinal, which inhibits photoreceptor degeneration and restores retinal function in vivo.

BI8622 is a ubiquitin ligase HUWE1-specific antagonist that restores the level of RP2 mutants in retinal cell lines and inhibits the activation of NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammatory vesicles in cells.

BPU17 interacts with PHB1 and disrupts the PHB1-PHB2 interaction, causing slight mitochondrial dysfunction. This damage hinders transcription dependent on SRF/CArG-box, thereby inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). BPU17 has demonstrated anti-fibrotic activity in vivo. It holds potential as a research agent for anti-angiogenic age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).