blood pressure

Droxidopa (L-DOPS) is an effective orally active norepinephrine precursor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It can increase standing blood pressure, improve symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, and enhance standing ability. Droxidopa is commonly used in studies of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and alternative treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

Firibastat (RB150) is a glutamyl aminopeptidase antagonist and an orally active brain penetrating prodrug of EC33. It is a first-in-class brain aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitor with a Ki of 200 nM. Firibastat selectively and specifically inhibits conversion of brain angiotensin-II into angiotensin-III and decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats[1][2].

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a natural hormone-like substance involved in various physiological functions, including the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles, dilation and constriction of blood vessels, regulation of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. It can be used to induce neuropathic pain models.

Angiotensin II is a major biologically active vasoconstrictor peptide that regulates blood pressure by binding to AT1R and AT2R receptors. It stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, promotes aldosterone synthesis, and enhances renal function. Additionally, it induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and increases collagen synthesis, leading to vascular and myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. It also promotes apoptosis and endothelial capillary formation. Angiotensin II is commonly used to induce hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy animal models.

Omidenepag isopropyl (DE-117) is a selective prostaglandin EP2 receptor agonist and a novel topical ocular blood pressure lowering compound.Omidenepag isopropyl has a weak affinity for EP1, EP2, and FP receptors.Omidenepag isopropyl is used in studies of glaucoma and hypertension. Omidenepag isopropyl can be used to study glaucoma and hypertension.

Adenosine receptor A1 antagonist 5 acts as an adenosine antagonist, is an oxypurine, acts as an insecticide and pest control agent, and has an inhibitory effect on elevated blood pressure.

Enrasentan (sb-217242) is a mixed antagonist of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors that reduces blood pressure, prevents cardiac hypertrophy, and protects myocardial function.

Propanidid (Sombrevin) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA) agonist and a fast-acting intravenous anesthetic that lowers arterial blood pressure.

Aligeron, a non-selective prostaglandin (PG) antagonist, inhibits PGF2α- and PGE2-induced blood pressure decreases in cats and can prevent PGF2α-induced diarrhea in mice and PGE2-induced paw edema in rats. Additionally, Aligeron is recognized for its antioxidant-protective effect against vascular complications.

Midaglizole ((±)-DG5128 free base, DG5128 free base) is a potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by lowering blood glucose levels and increasing blood pressure in vivo.

Taurine (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid) is an organic acid widely distributed in animal tissues and is one of the constituents of bile acids. Taurine is involved in a number of processes related to energy expenditure and muscle function, and can treat fatigue and muscles as well as improve immune function.

Felodipine (CGH-869) is a longlasting 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel repressor.

Terazosin hydrochloride (Hytrin) , a selective alpha1-antagonist, can treat the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It also can lower blood pressure, so it is a drug of choice for patients with prostate enlargement and hypertension. It works on the smooth muscle of the bladder and the blood vessel walls by blocking the function of adrenaline.

Ranolazine dihydrochloride (Ranolazine 2HCl) , an antianginal agent, can treat arrhythmia via a novel mechanism of action (inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current), and do not affect blood pressure or heart rate.

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (Glycyrrhizin) , an extensively used anti-inflammatory agent, is isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid, which inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, the main and sweet component of licorice, has been studied for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with potassium loss and sodium retention, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as inhibited the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Flavanone (2-Phenylchroman-4-one)s from citrus fruits have also been shown to exert beneficial effects on human vascular function. In particular, chronic interventions with orange juice, or the pure flavanone hesperidin, resulted in a decrease in blood pressure in overweight volunteers and acute improvements in microvascular reactivity.

Uric acid is an important antioxidant that scavenges oxygen radicals and reactive oxygen species (such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite), inhibits lipid peroxidation, helps maintain stable blood pressure, and is the final product of purine metabolism. It is commonly used to induce hypertension models.

Clevidipine (Clevidipine butyrate) is a dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker that is selective for vascular smooth muscle and is indicated for blood pressure reduction when oral therapy is not an option.

Verapamil hydrochloride (Verapamil HCl) is a calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

Prazosin hydrochloride (Vasoflex) reduces peripheral resistance and relaxes vascular smooth muscles as a selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist by a mechanism not completely known. Prazosin hydrochloride is a synthetic piperazine derivative with hypotensive antiadrenergic properties, It is used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention.

Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker that acts as an Angiotensin 2 Type 1 Receptor Antagonist, leading to a physiologic effect of decreased blood pressure.

Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93 Hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride salt form of nicardipine, a synthetic derivative of nitrophenyl-pyridine and potent calcium channel blocker, Nicardipine (Nifedipine Family) blocks calcium ions from certain cell walls and inhibits contraction of coronary and peripheral arteries, resulting in lowered oxygen requirements for heart muscle and decreased arterial contraction and spasm. It is used clinically as a cerebral and coronary vasodilator.

3-Pyridinemethanol (Roniacol) is an alcohol analog of NICOTINIC ACID which is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened GANGRENE.