angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace)

Lisinopril (Prinivil), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is used primarily in the treatment of high heart failure, blood pressure, and heart attacks. It is also used for preventing eye and kidney complications in people with diabetes.

Vicenin-1 (Vicenin -1) is a flavonoid glycoside isolated from the seeds of the leguminous plant fenugreek with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

Garcinone B, a xanthone derivative naturally isolated from the pericarp of Mangosteen, serves as a potent inhibitor of ACE2 and Mpro, and is utilized in COVID-19 research [1].

Isocrenatoside (compound 6), a cyclic octapeptide derived from the ethanolic extract of Microtoena prainiana stems, functions as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Research demonstrates that at a concentration of 1 mg mL, Isocrenatoside achieves an inhibitory efficiency of 99.3% [1].

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

Vicenin 2 is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (IC50=43.83 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium. Vicenin 2 is an inhibitor of α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR. Vicenin 2 has hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and DTL co-administration is more effective than either of the single agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Vicenin 2 might be a useful lead for the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications. Vicenin 2 could act as a UV light barrier to protect the plants.

Vicenin 3 is an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; IC50: 46.91 μM) from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium.

Isomartynoside has inhibition against the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities, the IC 50 value is 505±26.7μg ml, it may have antihypertensive effect. Isomartynoside also shows obvious anti-fatigue activity.

Deserpidine (Harmonyl) is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an ester alkaloid drug isolated from Rauwolfia canescens (family Apocynaceae) with antipsychotic and antihypertensive properties that has been used for the control of high blood pressure and for the relief of psychotic behavior.Deserpidine's mechanism of action is through inhibition of the ATP Mg2+ pump responsible for the sequestering of neurotransmitters into storage vesicles located in the presynaptic neuron. Deserpidine is a competitive angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Deserpidine also decreases angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Camellianin A is a flavonoid series of compounds derived from A. nitida and tea that exhibits anticancer activity, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and promotes apoptosis in Hep G2 and MCF-7 cells.Camellianin A prevents CCl4-induced liver injury by exerting anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Camellianin B, a flavonoid compound and metabolite of Camellianin A, exhibits antioxidant properties and acts as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

Lyciumin A, a cyclic octapeptide, exhibits inhibitory properties against proteases, renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE], making it a potential candidate for hypertension research.

Pueroside B may can treat coronary heart disease, it can interact with two or more targets[peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A receptor (HMGR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2

Plantainoside D (Isoplantamajoside) shows potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid, it shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) value of 2.17 mM, it also shows inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with the IC50 value14.8microM.

Phosphoramidon Disodium (Phosphoramidon Disodium Salt) Salt is a metalloendopeptidase inhibitor, widely used as a biochemical tool.