Diabete

Pioglitazone (U 72107) is a PPARγ agonist with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM on human and mouse PPARγ, respectively, and has selective and oral activity. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research.

Trelagliptin succinate (SYR-472 succinate) is a long-acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

Sucrose (D-(+)-Saccharose) is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons.

Trelagliptin (SYR-472) is a highly specific, long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor.

SD-169 (SD 169) is a selective and ATP competitive the MAP kinases p38α and p38β inhibitor.

GSK256073 is an orally active GPR109A agonist. GSK256073 also is a long-lasting and non-flushing HCA2 (hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2) full agonist (pEC50: 7.5). GSK256073 acutely improves glucose homeostasis via inhibition of lipolysis.

WS3, a β cell proliferation inducer, regulates Erb3 binding protein-1 (EBP1) and the IκB kinase pathway.

Butyl isobutyl phthalate (ButylIsobutylPhthalate) is a non-competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor(IC50 :38 μM),it shows a hypoglycemic effect

Sequoyitol (5-O-Methyl-Myo-Inositol), a methyl derivative of inositol, is often used to treat diabetes.

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D; once metabolically activated, it can induce cellular differentiation and cancer cell proliferation. Vitamin D3 can be used to establish kidney stone models and is also an important research target in the fields of immunology and oncology.

Buformin hydrochloride (NSC-528218) is a potent AMPK activator,an oral antidiabetic drug of the biguanide class. Buformin delays the absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake into cells and inhibits synthesis of glucose by the liver. Biguanides may antagonize the action of glucagon, thus reducing fasting glucose levels.

Pyraclostrobin is one of the most heavily used fungicides that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells.

DMG-PEG 2000 (DMG-PEG2000) can be used for the preparation of lipid nanoparticles for the in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA via oral administration, enhancing the mucosal permeability and delivery efficiency of the nanoparticles. DMG-PEG 2000 can be used for the preparation of liposomes for siRNA transfection, improving transfection efficiency.

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a PPARγ agonist, TRPC5 activator, and TRPM3 inhibitor with oral activity. Rosiglitazone is also a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.

Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potential anti-Y properties by inhibiting the proliferation of various Y cells, including colon and prostate.

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.

Finerenone (BAY-948862) is a nonsteroidal antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) (IC50=18 nM) with selective and oral activity. Finerenone is used in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes.

SEW 2871 is an orally available, highly selective S1P1 agonist with an EC50 of 13.8 nM.It reduces the number of lymphocytes in the blood and is used in studies related to diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, and inflammation. It activates ERK, Akt and Rac signaling pathways and induces S1P1 internalization and recycling.

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.

BD-AcAc 2 (Ketone Ester) is a ketone monoester and can be used as a source of oral nutritional ketones. BD-AcAc 2 can elevate plasma levels of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, blood Na+, blood glucose levels and blood creatinine levels after oral administration in mice. BD-AcAc 2 can partly prevent muscle weakness in septic mice. BD-AcAc 2 exhibits potential to improve endurance and exercise performance in animal body. BD-AcAc 2 can also be used to research diabetes or Parkinson's disease.

LGD-6972 is an antagonist of glucagon receptor.

Celiprolol hydrochloride (Selectrol) is a cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

RH01386 is a small molecule that prevents ER stress-induced β cell dysfunction and death, inhibits proapoptotic gene expression, and restores ER stress-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion responses, showing potential for type 2 diabetes treatment.