residue

LL-37, Human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

IRBP acetate(211426-18-5 free base) (Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein Fragment IRBP) is a 20-residue peptide, which is a major pathogenic epitope. It exists in the first homologous repeat of interstitial visual pigment Binding Protein peptide (IRBP 161-180) and can induce post-uveitis (EAU).

Parasin I acetate is a potent 19-residue antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin mucus of wounded catfish (Parasilurus asotus).

PGLa acetate is a 21-residue member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides.

Camstatin acetate binds calmodulin and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Camstatin acetate is a functionally active 25-residue fragment of the single calmodulin-binding IQ motif of PEP-19.

Felypressin (Octapressin) is a synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.

Obestatin is a 23 amino acid peptide hormone with a conserved C-terminal glycine residue and amidation site that is formed by cleavage of the ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide.1It binds to the orphan receptor GPR39 (Kd= 1 nM) and stimulates cAMP production in CHO and HEK293 cells overexpressing human GPR39. Obestatin inhibits contraction of isolated mouse jejunum muscle strips induced by ghrelin .In vivo, obestatin (12.5-1,000 nmol/kg) suppresses food intake in a time- and dose-dependent manner and reduces body weight gain and gastric emptying in mice. Obestatin (0.22 g per animal) also reduces food intake and glucose response without affecting plasma insulin responses in fasted high-fat diet fed mice.2 1.Zhang, J.V., Ren, P.C., Avsian-Kretchmer, O., et al.Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intakeScience310(5750)996-999(2005) 2.Subasinghage, A.P., Green, B.D., Flatt, P.R., et al.Metabolic and structural properties of human obestatin {1-23} and two fragment peptidesPeptides31(9)1697-1705(2010)

Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.

Alamandine can be formed from angiotensin A by action of ACE-2 or directly from angiotensin-(1-7) by decarboxylation of its aspartate residue. The angiotensin A analog produces effects resembling those of Ang II (1-7). However, it acts independently of the two known vasodilators receptors of the RAS (Mas and angiotensin II type 2). To produce its effects, alamandine binds to the Mas-related receptor, MrgD. A novel orally active formulation of alamandine produced a long-term antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and cardioprotective effects. These novel findings will be helpful for developing a new understanding of the RAS, a key regulator of blood pressure and fluid balance. The heptapeptide could serve as a model peptide, e.g. in the development and evaluation of analytical methods.

Fmoc-Ile-Ser(psi(Me,Me)pro)-OH is a dipeptide characterized by the presence of an N-terminal Fmoc-protected isoleucine and a serine residue with a (psi(Me,Me)pro) modification.

Histone H3 (1-35) is a 35-residue peptide derived from histone H3, a crucial component of the five main histones involved in chromatin formation within eukaryotic cells.

Histone H3 (1-35) acetate is a 35-residue peptide of histone H3. Histone H3 is an important protein that plays a role in the dynamic and long term regulation of genes.

OM99-2 TFA is an eight-residue peptidomimetic compound, functioning as a tight-binding inhibitor of human brain memapsin 2. It exhibits a high affinity for the target with a Ki value of 9.58 nM, making it a promising candidate in the development of BACE1 inhibitors. Due to its potential, OM99-2 presents opportunities for further research in the field of Alzheimer's disease.

OM99-2 is an eight-residue peptidomimetic with a high affinity for human brain memapsin 2, exhibiting a Ki value of 9.58 nM. This compound represents a significant advancement in the development of BACE1 inhibitors and holds potential for the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Oxytocin free acid, also known as 9-Deamidooxytocin, is an analog of oxytocin where the glycinamide residue at position 9 has been substituted with a glycine residue. Oxytocin, a pleiotropic peptide hormone, has wide-ranging implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior.

KLD-12, a 12-residue self-assembling peptide, displays properties that promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Moreover, KLD-12 hydrogel can effectively fill full-thickness osteochondral defects in their original location, leading to improved cartilage repair.

Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-Ser(psi(Me,Me)pro)-OH is a dipeptide composed of an Fmoc-protected lysine with a Boc group and a serine residue containing a pseudo-proline [psi(Me,Me)pro] modification.

Fmoc-Glu(OtBu)-Thr(psi(Me,Me)pro)-OH is a dipeptide composed of Fmoc-protected glutamic acid with a tert-butyl ester side chain and threonine modified with a psi(Me,Me)pro residue.

Eptifibatide (Eptifibatide Acetate), an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitor class, is a cyclic heptapeptide constructed from 6 amino acids and a mercaptopropionyl residue.

Eptifibatide acetate (148031-34-9 free base) (Eptifibatide acetate) , an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitor class, is a cyclic heptapeptide constructed from 6 amino acids and a mercaptopropionyl residue.

Bivalirudin TFA, a synthetic 20-residue peptide, serves as a reversible inhibitor of thrombin. Its IC50 value highlights its target specificity in vitro, where, combined with Eptifibatide (8 mg mL) at a low concentration (70 ng mL), it significantly reduces platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.2 U mL) by approximately 90% [1]. The compound demonstrates no effect on thrombin generation assay (TGA) parameters up to 10 μmol L [2]. Additionally, it facilitates the binding of MPO to BAEC, leading to functional alterations such as increased NO consumption and enhanced MPO-mediated redox modifications [3]. In vivo studies reveal its efficacy in preventing the rise of antiheparin PF4 antibody IgG levels in rats, with significant findings from the toxicokinetic assessment signaling its safety profile at tested doses, although higher doses resulted in fatalities [4][5]. In clinical trials, its antithrombotic effects were explored, comparing it with alternatives like Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in a Phase 4 study.

Decapeptide-12, a competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 40 µM and a Kd of 61.1 μM for the C-terminal residue of tyrosinase, is a small oligopeptide that reduces melanin content in melanocytes by interacting with tyrosinase and increasing transcription of SIRT. It is utilized in researching melanogenesis, senescence, and inflammation [1] [2] [3].

Camstatin TFA, a 25-residue fragment derived from the IQ motif of PEP-19, effectively binds to calmodulin and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase, demonstrating its functional activity [1].

Compstatin TFA, a potent inhibitor of the complement system C3 characterized by species specificity, is a 13-residue cyclic peptide. It selectively binds to baboon C3 and demonstrates resistance to proteolytic cleavage in baboon blood (similar to humans), effectively inhibiting the activation of the primate complement system. Notably, Compstatin TFA exhibits IC 50 values of 63 μM and 12 μM for the classical and alternative complement pathways, respectively [1] [2] [3].