vaccine

Phenoxyethanol (NSC-1864) is germicidal. It often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.

ALC-0159 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid conjugate that could be used as a vaccine excipient[1].

TLR4 agonist. Promotes NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces inflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Acts as an adjuvant in vivo; enhances X-15 specific antibody serum concentrations, when administered with X-15-KLH in mice.

ALC-0315 is an ionizable amino lipid that has been used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

EDC hydrochloride (EDC-HCl Crosslinker) is a water-soluble carbodiimide compound. EDC hydrochloride, as a condensing agent, forms peptide bonds through the condensation reaction of carboxyl and amino groups and can be used to synthesize peptides with specific sequences and functions. EDC hydrochloride can covalently bind haptens to carrier proteins to form immune antigens, which are used in vaccine research. EDC hydrochloride can react with the 5 'phosphate group of nucleic acids and is used for the labeling of DNA and RNA. EDC hydrochloride can cross-link proteins with nucleic acids and is used to prepare immune cross-links. EDC hydrochloride, as a crosslinking agent, connects the amine-reactive NHS ester of biomolecules with the carboxyl group, which can be used for protein coupling to create hybrid molecules with new properties and functions.

G0-C14 HCl is the salt form of G0-C14, a cationic lipid molecule and amphiphilic dendritic macromolecule commonly used in the synthesis of nanoparticles and vaccine delivery.

BBIQ is a powerful vaccine adjuvant that enhances innate immune responses and a potent and selectively toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with an EC50 of  59.1 nM for human TLR7.

M2e, human, a vaccine candidate for human influenza A, encompasses the 23 extracellular residues of M2 (the third integral membrane protein of influenza A) and exhibits remarkable conservation across all strains, highlighting its potential as a broadly protective option.

Trehalose 6-behenate is a vaccine adjuvant that skews the immune response towards Th1 Th17.

NOD2 agonist 2 (compound 23) enhances antigen presentation in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.

TLR7 agonist27 (compound 24) is an effective TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 238.1 nM. It exhibits weak agonistic activity towards NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) with an EC50 of 6.2 μM. TLR7 agonist27 serves as a potent immunostimulant and can be utilized as a vaccine adjuvant and or an immunotherapeutic agent.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) acts as an agonist for toll-like receptor 4. It is employed in immunological and vaccine research.

KRN7000 analog 3 (Compound 14), an α-GalCer analog featuring a 4-phenoxy substituent, acts as an iNKT agonist. This compound induces higher levels of IL-2 cytokine secretion in mNK1.2 cells (ranging from 49.2 to 62.6 ng mL) compared to α-GalCer (44.1 ng mL). KRN7000 analog 3 shows potential for research in anti-tumor agents and vaccine adjuvants.

Monophosphoryl Lipid A-12 (free acid) functions as a toll-like receptor 4 agonist, primarily utilized in immunology and vaccine research.

KRN7000 analog 2 is an iNKT agonist that shows promise for use in research pertaining to antitumor drugs and vaccine adjuvants.

UM-3006 is a potent TLR7 8 agonist that enhances immune responses by activating the TLR signaling pathway. This compound holds significant research and application potential in the fields of vaccine adjuvants and immune diseases.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (12,16) (3D-MPL (12,16)) free acid is a TLR agonist that serves as a vaccine adjuvant to boost the immunogenicity of vaccines.

Mannitan oleate is a lipid produced through the chemical reaction between mannitane (the anhydride of mannitol) and oleic acid. It serves as an emulsifier, surfactant, and immunoadjuvant in vaccine formulation.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog and an agonist of TLR3 as well as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). It can induce innate immune responses in mammals and serve as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity, while modulating the tumor microenvironment and directly inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Poly(I:C) is commonly used to establish acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) animal models for studying immune responses and disease mechanisms.

Nelipepimut-S, as an immunogenic peptide from the HER2 protein, is highly expressed in breast cancer.

DC-Chol hydrochloride(DC-Cholesterol hydrochloride) inhibited the formation of Aβ40 fibrils under appropriate experimental conditions and significantly inhibited amyloid formation from oxidized hCT in a dose-dependent manner.DC-Chol hydrochloride induces an improved and balanced immunity, which could contribute to hepatitis B vaccine research.

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

Onilcamotide, a cancer vaccine derived from the C-terminal peptide of the RhoC protein, exhibits potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities.

STh, also known as Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin, is a 19 amino acid polypeptide containing three disulfide bridges. It serves as an antigen of significance in the quest for a comprehensive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine.