vaccine

Phenoxyethanol (NSC-1864) is germicidal. It often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.

ALC-0159 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid conjugate that could be used as a vaccine excipient[1].

TLR4 agonist. Promotes NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces inflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. Acts as an adjuvant in vivo; enhances X-15 specific antibody serum concentrations, when administered with X-15-KLH in mice.

Vaccine adjuvant-1 is an adjuvant used in vaccines, consisting of an oil phase, an emulsifier, and water.

Nelipepimut-S, as an immunogenic peptide from the HER2 protein, is highly expressed in breast cancer.

SM-102 is the only ionizable amino cationic lipid currently clinically approved for RNA therapeutics and can be used to synthesize lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). It shows potential in the development of LNPs for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines.

Indoximod (NLG-8189) is a methylated tryptophan with immune checkpoint inhibitory activity. Indoximod inhibits the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan, and may increase or maintain tryptophan levels important to T cell function. Tryptophan depletion is associated with immunosuppression involving T cell arrest and anergy.

SM360320 (CL-087) is an effective and selective agonist of TLR7. SM360320 inhibits HCV replication in hepatocytes via a type I IFN-independent mechanism in addition to its IFN-mediated activity. SM360320 can be used for research on acting as an immunological adjuv

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog and an agonist of TLR3 as well as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). It can induce innate immune responses in mammals and serve as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance both innate and adaptive immunity, while modulating the tumor microenvironment and directly inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Poly(I:C) is commonly used to establish acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) animal models for studying immune responses and disease mechanisms.

ALC-0315 is an ionizable cationic lipid that serves as a core component of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems for mRNA vaccines, responsible for efficiently encapsulating, protecting, and delivering nucleic acids into cells. Lipid nanoparticles have already been used in research on mRNA (COVID-19) vaccines.

EDC hydrochloride (EDC-HCl Crosslinker) is a water-soluble carbodiimide compound. EDC hydrochloride, as a condensing agent, forms peptide bonds through the condensation reaction of carboxyl and amino groups and can be used to synthesize peptides with specific sequences and functions. EDC hydrochloride can covalently bind haptens to carrier proteins to form immune antigens, which are used in vaccine research. EDC hydrochloride can react with the 5 'phosphate group of nucleic acids and is used for the labeling of DNA and RNA. EDC hydrochloride can cross-link proteins with nucleic acids and is used to prepare immune cross-links. EDC hydrochloride, as a crosslinking agent, connects the amine-reactive NHS ester of biomolecules with the carboxyl group, which can be used for protein coupling to create hybrid molecules with new properties and functions.

G0-C14 HCl is the salt form of G0-C14, a cationic lipid molecule and amphiphilic dendritic macromolecule commonly used in the synthesis of nanoparticles and vaccine delivery.

BBIQ is a powerful vaccine adjuvant that enhances innate immune responses and a potent and selectively toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with an EC50 of  59.1 nM for human TLR7.

M2e, human, a vaccine candidate for human influenza A, encompasses the 23 extracellular residues of M2 (the third integral membrane protein of influenza A) and exhibits remarkable conservation across all strains, highlighting its potential as a broadly protective option.

Trehalose 6-behenate is a vaccine adjuvant that skews the immune response towards Th1/Th17.

NOD2 agonist 2 (compound 23) enhances antigen presentation in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.

TLR7 agonist27 (compound 24) is an effective TLR7 agonist with an EC50 of 238.1 nM. It exhibits weak agonistic activity towards NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) with an EC50 of 6.2 μM. TLR7 agonist27 serves as a potent immunostimulant and can be utilized as a vaccine adjuvant and/or an immunotherapeutic agent.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) acts as an agonist for toll-like receptor 4. It is employed in immunological and vaccine research.

KRN7000 analog 3 (Compound 14), an α-GalCer analog featuring a 4-phenoxy substituent, acts as an iNKT agonist. This compound induces higher levels of IL-2 cytokine secretion in mNK1.2 cells (ranging from 49.2 to 62.6 ng/mL) compared to α-GalCer (44.1 ng/mL). KRN7000 analog 3 shows potential for research in anti-tumor agents and vaccine adjuvants.

Schizophyllan is an extracellular β-glucan synthesized by Schizophyllum commune. It improves mitochondrial function by activating the SIRT3 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating metabolic liver injury. Meanwhile, it inhibits JNK/p38 phosphorylation and downregulates the expression of PGC1β/PPARγ, c-Fos and NFATc1, thus suppressing osteoclast formation and promoting osteoblast differentiation. In addition, Schizophyllan enables targeted delivery of oligonucleotide drugs and antigens to antigen-presenting cells via Dectin-1-mediated recognition, showing broad application prospects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and vaccine development.

Monophosphoryl Lipid A-12 (free acid) functions as a toll-like receptor 4 agonist, primarily utilized in immunology and vaccine research.

KRN7000 analog 2 is an iNKT agonist that shows promise for use in research pertaining to antitumor drugs and vaccine adjuvants.

UM-3006 is a potent TLR7/8 agonist that enhances immune responses by activating the TLR signaling pathway. This compound holds significant research and application potential in the fields of vaccine adjuvants and immune diseases.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (12,16) (3D-MPL (12,16)) free acid is a TLR agonist that serves as a vaccine adjuvant to boost the immunogenicity of vaccines.