guinea pig

Neuropeptide with many biological actions

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Guinea pig TFA, a trophic and mitogenic factor, promotes growth in cultured whole embryos and acts as a gastrointestinal hormone, while also indicating potential neurotransmitter functions [1] [2].

Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) (68-82), guinea pig, is a peptide with the sequence Tyr-Gly-Ser-Leu-Pro-Gln-Lys-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ser-Gln-Asp-Glu-Asn and represents a fragment of myelin basic protein (MBP).

Tyr-α-CGRP is an N-terminal extended tyrosinated analogue of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide . It binds to amylin receptors AMY1 and AMY3 in COS-7 cells expressing the human receptors (IC50s = 141 and 1.86 nM, respectively). Tyr-α-CGRP also binds to and stimulates cAMP accumulation in rat L6 myocytes (IC50 = 4 nM; EC50 = 12 nM). It also binds to rat brain and spleen membrane preparations (IC50s = 0.2 and 0.5 nM, respectively), induces positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in isolated right and left guinea pig atria (EC50s = 282 and 74 nM, respectively), and inhibits the twitch response in rat vas deferens (EC50 = 1.9 nM).

CCK (26-30) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-30) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 10% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.

CCK (26-31) is an N-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. The sulfated form of CCK (26-31) inhibits binding of [125I]CCK-33 to guinea pig cortical membranes by 21% when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.

CCK (27-33) is a C-terminal fragment of CCK , a peptide hormone found in the intestine and brain that stimulates digestion, mediates satiety, and is involved in anxiety. Non-sulfated CCK (27-33) inhibits binding of [3H]naloxone in rat cerebellum membranes (IC50 = 4 uM) and inhibits electrically-stimulated contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (IC50 = 17 uM), an effect that can be reversed by naloxone. Unlike sulfated CCK (27-33), the non-sulfated form does not reduce exploratory behavior in mice when administered at doses up to 1 uMol/kg.

Galanin is a neuropeptide with diverse biological activities. [1][2][3][4][5] It binds to rat galanin (GAL) receptor subtypes GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.339, 1.35, and 3.31 nM, respectively) and human GAL1-3 (IC50s = 0.288, 1.62, and 12.3 nM, respectively). [1] Galanin binds to and inhibits contraction of guinea pig gastric smooth muscle cells induced by carbachol . [2] In vivo, Galanin (6 nmol, i.c.v.) increases feeding behavior in rats and increases latency to hindpaw withdrawal in response to heat and mechanical stimulation in a rat model of carrageenin-induced inflammation when administered at a dose of 2 nmol injected into the nucleus accumbens.[3][4] Galanin (5 μg, i.c.v.) also inhibits acetylcholine release induced by scopolamine in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats. [5]

[D-Trp11]-Neurotensin is a compound that functions as a selective antagonist of Neurotensin (NT) in perfused rat hearts, while exhibiting full agonist properties in guinea pig atria and rat stomach strips. Additionally, this compound can inhibit hypotension induced by NT.

Substance P (3-11), an SP fragment peptide capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), induces contraction in guinea pig ileum and facilitates chemotaxis in human monocytes [1] [2] [5].

Substance P (2-11), a fragment peptide of Substance P (SP), exhibits contractile effects on the guinea pig ileum and inhibits the permeation of tritiated SP (3 H SP) across brain microvessel endothelial cell (BBMEC) monolayers [1] [2].

PL-3994, a natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) agonist resistant to neutral endopeptidase, functions as a bronchodilator, eliciting a concentration-dependent relaxation of pre-contracted guinea-pig trachea, evidenced by an IC50 of 42.7 nM [1].

Leumorphin, human, is a potent agonist of the kappa opioid receptor (κ opioid receptor) and inhibits the contraction of the guinea pig ileum's myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation [1].

[D-Pro2,D-Phe7,D-Trp9] Substance P, an analogue of Substance P, serves as an inhibitor to its parent compound and indirectly contracts the guinea-pig ileum (GPI) [1] [2].

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide, plays roles in regulating appetite, vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion, acting as an agonist for NPY receptors Y1, Y2, and Y5. Expressed ubiquitously, NPY modulates cellular responses by selectively inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in L-M(TK-) cells expressing rat Y1 or Y2 and in HEK293 cells expressing rat Y5, more so than in cells expressing rat Y4 receptors (EC50s = 0.15, 2.7, 0.66, and >1,000 nM, respectively). Additionally, it elevates perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig hearts (EC30 = 1.3 nM) and, when administered intracerebroventricularly at 300 pmol/animal, it notably increases food intake in rats.

Potent and selective tachykinin NK1 receptor agonist (EC50 = 2 nM in guinea pig vas deferens).

Substance P (1-9) is a nonapeptide that reduces the inactivation of substance P in the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder, and is responsible for various excitatory effects on central and peripheral neurons.

Substance P 1-9 aceate is nonapeptide, which decreases the inactivation of substance P by the guinea-pig ileum and urinary bladder.

Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibit

Potent agonist of the nociceptin (ORL1) receptor, demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Selective, competitive antagonism at the nociceptin receptor has also been reported (pA2 = 7.02 and 6.75 in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens respectively)

Potent, metabolically stable neurotensin receptor agonist peptide (IC50 = 0.15 nM for inhibition of [125I]-NT binding to neonatal mouse brain; EC50 = 1.9 nM for contraction of guinea pig ileum). Produces long-lasting hypothermic, neuroprotective and analg

Potent bradykinin receptor agonist. Highly selective for mammalian arterial smooth muscle bradykinin receptors, displaying ~ 50-fold greater potency than bradykinin. Elicits dose-dependent contractile effects in smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum (EC50 = 4

Endothelin receptor agonist (EC50 values are 7.5 and > 150 nM for contraction of pig coronary artery and guinea pig aorta respectively). Nociceptive in vivo.

Scyliorhinin I is an agonist for both neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptors, exhibiting a Ki value of 0.9 nM at rat submandibular gland NK-1 receptors and 2 nM at hamster bladder NK-2 receptors. Additionally, it possesses the capability to contract the longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum.