aldose-reductase

(Rac)-Byakangelicin (7H-Furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-) is an antineoplastic agent.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid natural product that inhibits influenza virus replication (EC50=24.7 μM) and aldose reductase activity (IC50=320 nM). Isoliquiritigenin has antitumor activity.

DL-Glyceraldehyde (Glyceric aldehyde) is produced from the action of the enzyme glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts glycerol to glyceraldehyde using NADP as a cofactor. When present at sufficiently high levels, DL-Glyceraldehyde can be a cytotoxin and a mutagen. A cytotoxin is a compound that kills cells. A mutagen is a compound that causes mutations in DNA. DL-Glyceraldehyde is a highly reactive compound that can modify and cross-link proteins. DL-Glyceraldehyde modified proteins appear to be cytotoxic, depress intracellular glutathione levels, and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (PMID: 14981296 ). DL-Glyceraldehyde has been shown to cause chromosome damage to human cells in culture and is mutagenic in the Ames bacterial test.

6-Methoxytricin, a flavonoid isolated from Centella asiatica, is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE), and inhibits T-cell proliferation and activation in biologic cells.

beta-Glucogallin (beta-Glucogallin) is a selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor with antioxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory properties. beta-Glucogallin is a naturally occurring compound derived from Emblica officinalis and is used in diabetes research. Vitamin B3-d4

Tectoridin (Shekanin) possesses an estrogenic and thyroid hormone-like agent by activating estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors. Tectoridin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities; Tectoridin and its five metabolites inhibits the activities of lens aldose reductase in rat (IC : 1.4-15.5 μM).

BYAKANGELICIN,a main furanocoumarin constituent isolated and characterized as an aldose reductase inhibitor,and is effective for the treatment of sugar cataracts and diabetic neuropathy and hence might be useful as a lead compound for the development of new type drugs for clinical use.

1. Ganoderic acid C6 has antinociceptive activity.

2'-Acetylacteoside has antioxidative activity. It can significantly attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM. 2'-Acetylacteoside shows antiproliferative effects on aortic smooth muscle, indicates that it may ha

1. Engeletin (Dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. 2. Engeletin possesses potent inhibition of PGE2 release with IC5 values of 19.6 μg/ml. 3. Engeletin inhibits a recombinant human aldose reductase (IC5 value=1.16 microM).

Poliumoside is a natural compound which exhibits significant inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation with IC50 value of 4.6-25.7 μM, it also exhibits great inhibitory effects on rat lens aldose reductase with IC50 values of 0.85 μM.Poliumos

Ganoderic acid C2 has anti-inflammatory,and anti-tumor-promoting activities. Ganoderic acid C2 can inhibit histamine release, it also has inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr Virus early antigen.

Quercetin 3-gentiobioside (Quercetin-3-gentiobioside) is an inhibitor of AR and AGE formation and can be extracted from A. iwayomogi.Quercetin 3-gentiobioside inhibits the biological activity of aldose reductase (AR) and the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs).

Vicenin-1 (Vicenin -1) is a flavonoid glycoside isolated from the seeds of the leguminous plant fenugreek with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).

8-Lavandulylkaempferol exhibits significant inhibitory effects with IC(50) values of 7.10 and 8.11 microM for butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, respectively. It shows inhibitory activities against aldose reductase, with the the IC50 of 0.79 microM.

Danshenol A has strong aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity, has IC50 of 0.10 microM which is comparable to that of epalrestat in clinical use. Danshenol A also has antitumor activity in T-24, QGY, K562, Me180 and BIU87 cell lines, shows inhibited growth of K562 (IC50 = 0.53 μg/mL), T-24 (IC50 = 7.94 μg/mL), QGY (IC50 = 4.65 μg/mL) and Me180 (IC50 = 6.89 μg/mL) cell lines.

Triptocalline A, a compound from Salacia chinensis, inhibits rat lens aldose reductase.

Gallic acid (Benzoic acid) is found in almost all plants. Plants known for their high gallic acid content include gallnuts,grapes,tea,hops and oak bark.

3-Isomangostin is a potent human aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.48 uM; it is also an acetylcholinesterase selective inhibitor. 3-Isomangostin has free radical scavenging activity; it shows antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values in the rang

Myrciacetin, a flavonoid derived from Rhododendron dauricum, exhibits inhibitory activity against rat lens aldose reductase, as demonstrated by an IC50 value of 13 μM.

Apigenin-7-glucuronide (Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide) possesses multiple activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and aldose reductase inhibitory activities, it can inhibit MMP activities (IC50s: 12.87, 22.39, 17.52, 0.27 μM for MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, respectively).

Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (Isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-Glucoside) inhibits the activity of alpha-glucosidase from rat intestine; it exhibits a potent rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibition in vitro, its IC(50) being 1.4 microM and has inhibitory effects of sorbitol accumulation, suggests that it is a leading compound for further study as a new drug for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes and its complications.

Quercitrin hydrate is a natural flavonoid glycoside with multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects, and inhibits aldose reductase.

Ganoderic acid Df, a lanostane-type triterpenoid isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, potently inhibits aldose reductase with an IC 50 of 22.8 ± 0.6 μM [1].