anti-metabolic

3,5,7,3′,4′-Pentamethoxyflavone (Quercetin 3,5,7,3,4-pentamethyl ether) is a natural product that induces adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating transcription factors during the early stages of differentiation.

GW9662 (TIMTEC-BB SBB006523) is a PPARγ antagonist (IC50=3.3 nM) with selectivity. GW9662 can be used to study the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, by inhibiting the activity of PPARγ. GW9662 can be used to study the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. GW9662 has anti-tumor effect.

Linvencorvir (RG7907) belongs to HBV core protein allosteric modulators (CpAM) and is an orally active HBV core protein inhibitor with potent anti-HBV activity, low CYP3A4 induction, and good metabolic stability. This compound is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

INT-777 (S-EMCA) is a potent, selective TGR5 agonist with an EC₅₀ of 0.82 μM. Following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, INT-777 inhibits NLRP5-ASC inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation via the TGR3/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. INT-777 exhibits multiple effects, including metabolic regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, cholagogue effects, and vascular protection. INT-777 can be used in research on diseases such as metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Tiludronate disodium (Tiludronic acid disodium) is an osteoclast vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor with antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Tiludronate disodium can be used in studies about metabolic bone disorders.

Orlistat (Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a lipase inhibitor and a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor. Orlistat has been shown to promote weight loss.

L-DOPA belongs to the category of dopamine precursors, serving as an orally active neurotransmitter metabolic precursor capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and undergoing conversion to dopamine within the brain. The compound exhibits anti-hyperalgesic properties and finds application in Parkinson's disease research as well as in the induction of disease models.

Betamethasone valerate (Luxiq) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions.

Rofecoxib (MK 966) binds to and inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in an inhibition of the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Rofecoxib is a synthetic, nonsteroidal derivative of phenyl-furanone with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties and potential antineoplastic properties. COX-related metabolic pathways may represent key regulators of cell proliferation and neo-angiogenesis. Some epithelial tumor cell types overexpress pro-angiogenic COX-2.

AICAR (Acadesine) is an AMPK activator. AICAR has the functions of metabolic regulation, muscle function regulation, anti-cancer effect, neuroprotection and anti-aging.

Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17, 21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate (SCH 11460) binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions.

1,3-Dithiane (1,3-Dithian) is a protected formaldehyde anion equivalent that could serve as a useful labeled synthon. 1,3-Dithiane is also a sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products found in boiled beef extracts.

Baicalin (Baicalein 7-O-β-D-glucuronide) is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis that exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activity. Baicalin can be used in research on inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and metabolic syndrome.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Glabridin (KB-289522) may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction, through regulating the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels; may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders( such as diabetes and hyperglycemia), by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells. Glabridin may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against liver Y metastasis, by inhibiting the invasion of human HCC cells.

Spirorenone (INN) is a novel aldosterone antagonist with anti-salt corticosteroid activity, used in metabolic disease research.

AZ12216052 is a GRP8 antagonist with anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used to study obesity and metabolic disorders.

LDCA is a double-hit metabolic regulator that exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity. lDCA competitively inhibits LDH-A enzyme activity, alters mitochondrial hyperpolarization and simultaneously subverts apoptosis. lDCA has a pronounced effect in cancer cells and does not show toxicity.

Cyclohexylacetic acid is an important aliphatic carboxylic acid organic reagent. Cyclohexylacetic acid serves as a key intermediate in organic synthesis for the production of antiepileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, herbicides, and other compounds. Cyclohexylacetic acid can also be used as a culture medium additive, a buffer component, or a metabolic probe.

Medrysone (6α-Methyl-11β-hydroxyprogesterone) is a topical, synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Medrysone exerts its effect by interacting with specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions is accomplished.

DB1976 dihydrochloride (DB1976 2HCl) , a transcription factor PU.1 inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory activity, slowed down inflammation and fibrosis and improved glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia in mice in in vivo experiments.DB1976 dihydrochloride promotes apoptosis and may be used in studies of metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Enzalutamide-D3 is a deuterium-labeled form of the androgen receptor antagonist Enzalutamide (T6002), retaining potent anti-androgen and antineoplastic activity with an IC50 of 36 nM in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and is primarily used in pharmacokinetic, metabolic tracing, and drug interaction studies.

Nimesulide D5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) nimesulide, and is used in pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and absorption studies. Nimesulide is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 70 nM–70 μM. Nimesulide exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.