Anti inflammatory agent 1

Anti-inflammatory agent 1 is a chemical compound designated for reducing inflammation, structurally characterized by a [carboxyl acid], [oxygen], and [hydrocarbon] ring, with notable efficacy in mitigating inflammatory responses.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits P21-activated kinase 1(PAK1) and NF-Κb. 5-Aminosalicylic Acid has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).

LTB4-IN-1 (Anti-inflammatory agent 2) with IC50 of 70 nM is an inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis (LTB4).

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

COX-2-IN-2, a selective inducible COX2 inhibitor, exhibits potent inhibition with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. Meanwhile, COX-2-IN-1 functions as an anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrating both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

Indomethacin is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. It exhibits good blood-brain barrier permeability and shows significant anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-infective activities. Indomethacin is widely used in research related to cancer, inflammation, and viral infections, and is also commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models in animals.

Mefenamic acid (CN-35355) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.

Desonide (Prednacinolone) is a synthetic glucocorticosteroid for topical use, with anti-inflammatory activity. Desonide binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the cytoplasm, and the ligand-receptor complex is translocated as a homodimer into the nucleus, where transcription activation via glucocorticoid response elements within glucocorticoid-responsive genes occur. This agent induces transcription of genes coding for anti-inflammatory proteins, including lipocortin-1, interleukin-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and neutral endopeptidase. Increased synthesis of lipocortin-1 has an inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2, which in turn inhibits the release of arachidonic acid, thereby controlling the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Diclofenac sodium (GP 45840) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.

Umifenovir is a potent, orally active broad-spectrum antiviral agent with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, suppressing virus propagation and modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines for use as an anti-influenza virus agent [3]. It effectively inhibits the fusion of the virus with host cells [1] [2] and is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro [2].

NMac1 (Nm23 activator 1) is a natural compound, cassumunene, derived from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent in East Asia. NMac1 exhibits anti-metastatic potential by directly interacting with the C-terminal of Nm23-H1, activating its NDP kinase (NDPK) enzymatic activity in vitro. NMac1 inhibits breast cancer metastasis in vivo.

1. Engeletin (Dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. 2. Engeletin possesses potent inhibition of PGE2 release with IC5 values of 19.6 μg ml. 3. Engeletin inhibits a recombinant human aldose reductase (IC5 value=1.16 microM).

Ebselen (CCG-39161) is a organoselenium compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. Ebselen acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimetic and is thereby able to prevent cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase and gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, ebselen may be neuroprotective due to its ability to neutralize free radicals upon NMDA receptor activation thus, reducing lipoperoxidation mediated by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Ketorolac D5, a deuterium-labeled version of Ketorolac, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that functions as a nonselective COX inhibitor. It exhibits IC50 values of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.

ar-Turmerone ((+)-ar-Turmerone) is a major bioactive compound of the herb Curcuma longa with anti-tumorigenesis and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2][3]. It positively modulates murine DCs, induces NSC proliferation, and constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for various neurologic disorders[4][5]. It also activates apoptotic proteins in human lymphoma U937 cells[3].

Pelubiprofen is an orally active, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, which effectively reduces PGE(2) production by inhibiting COX activity. Pelubiprofen inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of IKK-β and transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1).

COX-1-IN-2 (compound 5h) serves as a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This compound demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on COX-1, with an IC 50 value of 38.76 nM.

TNF-α IL-1β-IN-1 (compound 11a) is an anti-inflammatory agent that effectively reduces the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, inhibits oxidative stress and myocardial cell apoptosis, and demonstrates significant activity against septic myocardial injury. Additionally, it improves myocardial blood flow in vivo.

Antioxidant agent-20 (Compound 3d) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant agent-20 demonstrates photoprotective effects on UVB-exposed human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) (IC50=5.13 µM) by activating Nrf2 HO-1 signaling and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

JAK1 STAT3-IN-1 (compound 4f) functions as an anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) agent by inhibiting the JAK1 STAT3 signaling pathway. It has an IC50 value of 2.17 μM for inhibiting NO production. Additionally, JAK1 STAT3-IN-1 improves skin conditions in AD-like mice by reducing inflammatory infiltration, suppressing the expression of p-JAK1 JAK1 and p-STAT3 STAT3, and alleviating the hyperimmune response induced by MC903 (Calcipotriol).

Analgesic antidepressant agent-1 (Compound k1) is an orally active N-acetylamino chloro ketone derivative capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It exhibits high affinity for NMDA receptors and demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant properties, with low psychotomimetic activity.

Anti-inflammatory agent 97 (Compound 1l) is an anti-inflammatory compound and also inhibits oxidative stress. It can reduce colon shortening and alleviate inflammatory symptoms in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS. Additionally, it modulates the inflammation-associated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the oxidative stress-related Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

PPM-18 (NSC 73233) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which inhibits nitric oxide synthase expression. PPM-18 is a potent inhibitor of iNOS expression by blocking the binding of NF-κB to promoter [1]. PPM-18 is an analog of Vitamin K remarkably suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells [2].

Amodiaquine dihydrochloride (Amodiaquin dihydrochloride), a member of the 4-aminoquinoline class, is an antimalarial agent that also acts as a potent oral histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor with a K i value of 18.6 nM. Additionally, it functions as a Nurr1 agonist, targeting the Nurr1-LBD (ligand binding domain) with an EC 50 of approximately 20 μM, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].