Antifection

Allicin exerts antioxidant, bactericidal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, it exerts an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect on intestinal epithelial cells. Allicin could significantly inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells' proliferation and migration induced by insulin, which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of ERK signal path. Allicin is beneficial in reducing blood cholesterol, triglycerides levels and systolic blood pressure in hypercholesterolemic rats, it may beneficially affect two risk factors for atherosclerosis-hyperlipidemia and hypertension.

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Bactigras) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Ganciclovir (2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine) is an ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

Tivicilovir (AM188) is a hepatitis B virus inhibitor. tiviclovir is a guanine-related acyclic 2'-deoxyguanine analogue with anti-herpesvirus activity.

Kamebanin, a natural diterpenoid, has antibacterial activity. It also shows efficient cytotoxic activity against HeLa and HL-60 cells.

Trichorabdal A shows a very strong in vitro antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

Calycanthoside (Isofraxidin 7-O-beta-D-Glucoside) is a natural compound isolated from Angelica tenuissima. Calycanthoside shows anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

Dehydroabietinol (Pomiferin A) inhibits growth of chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum cultivated in erythrocytes in vitro (IC 50 26-27 microM).

Eprociclovir (A-5021) is a novel acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of EHV1 replication and may be used for the treatment and/or prevention of infections with this virus.Eprociclovir has potent anti-herpetic activity against most human herpesviruses.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

STING agonist-30 is a potent STING agonist that triggers STING-dependent immune activation.STING agonist-30 shows broad-spectrum inhibitory effects against a variety of viruses including HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus), rotavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2).

GR-95168 ((+)-C-BVDU) is an antiviral compound for the study of herpes simplex virus infections type 1 and type 2.

Chlorhexidine (Rotersept) is a biguanide compound used as an antiseptic agent with topical antibacterial activity. Chlorhexidine is positively charged and reacts with the negatively charged microbial cell surface, thereby destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. Subsequently, chlorhexidine penetrates into the cell and causes leakage of intracellular components leading to cell death. Since gram-positive bacteria are more negatively charged, they are more sensitive to this agent.

Rifampicin (Rifamycin AMP) is an antibacterial drug of the class of rifamycin.

Penciclovir (BRL 39123) is a Herpesvirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. In HSV infected cells, penciclovir is phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase and subsequently converted by cellular kinases into the active metabolite, penciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral HSV polymerase by blocking deoxyguanosine triphosphate substrate binding. As a result, herpes viral DNA synthesis and replication are selectively inhibited.

Clotrimazole (FB 5097), an imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity, inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol.

Voriconazole (UK-109496) is a triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.

Fluconazole (UK-49858) is a triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.

Cedrelone is a citrulline analog and a phenazine biosynthesis-like domain protein (PBLD) activator.Cedrelone induces apoptosis in cancer cells.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest.Cedrelone has insecticidal activity, inhibiting the growth of arrowhead venom of P. saucia and inhibiting moulting of the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus). Cedrelone has insecticidal activity, inhibiting the growth of P. saucia and inhibiting moulting of the milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus).Cedrelone has antitumor effects and exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines such as -60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest.Cedrelone is a very potent inducer of apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest.

Econazole ((±)-Econazol) is an imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.

Miconazole (R18134) is an imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (NSC-185) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Methyl 3-O-feruloylquinate inhibits the activity of bacteria and viruses and to regulate immunity.

2,6-Dimethoxy-1-acetonylquinol shows varying degrees of in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. It is devoid of significant cytotoxicity to the human oral epidermoid KB cancer cell line.

Luvangetin may have anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit NO and PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Luvangetin shows significant protection against pylorus-ligated and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats and cold restraint stress-induced

Bonducellpin D may show inhibitory activities on the Para3 virus. It also exhibits moderate activity against four tested human cancer cell lines, HepG-2, K562, HeLa, and Du145.

(-)-Asimilobine shows antioxidative, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-α±-glucosidase, anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities; it displays weak inhibition against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) o

Methylenetanshinquinone shows antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity, it is active against both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum.

Quassin has female anti-fertility properties, possibly acting via inhibition of estrogen secretion.

Glabranin has antimicrobial activity, it shows significant activities on DPPH free radical with the IC50 value of 240.20 ug/ml. Glabranin or a derivative thereof could be used to stimulate hair growth. Glabranine exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect

10-Hydroxycanthin-6-one has potential to be an antimicrobial agent. 10-Hydroxycanthin-6-one has in vitro antimalarial activity; it also has cytotoxic activity, it could be a plant anticancer agent.

Albaspidin AA displays strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC ranging from 0.168-220 uM). It may have in vitro nematocidal activity against L4 stage larvae.

24-Methylenecycloartan-3-ol and methyl caffeate show weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

7-Angeloylretronecine may have antibacterial effects.

3-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl tormentic acid may be promising lead compound for developing an effective drug for treatment of leukemia, it induces apoptotic cell death in human leukemia (HL60) via mainly mitochondrial pathway by, at least in part, Topo I inhibition. 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid shows cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15) in vitro, the IC50 values of 13.72, 14.29,14.61, 14.04 uM, respectively. 3beta-O-cis-p-Coumaroyltormentic acid, and 3beta-O-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid are weakly selective for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) compared with eukaryotic cells, with an MIC of 59.4microg/mL and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 72.0microg/mL for monkey kidney epithelial (MA104) cells. A mixture of 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyltormentic acid and 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyltormentic acid shows an inhibitory effect comparable to (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of green tea on the activation of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induced by 12-O-tetradeca--noylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

Cristacarpin exhibits moderate but selective activity towards DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. It promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to sub-lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and which eventually terminates by triggering s

7',8'-Dihydroobolactone can inhibit Trypanosoma brucei brucei with an IC(50) of 2.8 microM.

Penduletin has anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor cells, and anti-bacterical activities,it inhibits growth of the Gram-negative pathogen neisseria gonorrhoeae. Penduletin has strong activity in vitro against EV71 with low cytotoxicity.

Norsanguinarine has antifungal activity, it exhibits 100 % inhibition of A. brassicicola and C. maculans at 1000 ppm whereas. It shows significant cytotoxic activities (ED (50) values < 4 microg/ml) against P-388, KB16, A549, and HT-29 cell lines.

Norchelerythrine shows significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 50 ug/mL. It exhibits strong antifeeding activity in a concentration-dependant manner with the EC50 of 62.67 ppm.

Beta-Yohimbine has approximately twice as toxic as yohimbine and corynanthine about one fifth as toxic. Beta-yohimbine has alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor blocking activities, it has cardiovascular effects. Beta-Yohimbine has anti-plasmodial and anti-mal

Torachrysone-8-O-b-D-glucoside shows alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities, it may be used for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Methyllinderone is a human chymase inhibitor, it has antioxidant property, it also shows moderate to weak antifungal activities against various pathogenic fungi.

Chlorophorin shows high anti-protozoal activity with an MIC of 0.25 microg/ml. Chlorophorin can strongly inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 2.5 ± 0.408 uM; it inhibits α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Isocudraniaxanthone B may have antimalarial activity.

Lysicamine shows significant antioxidant capacity in the ORAC(FL) assay and it is active against S. epidermidis and C. dubliniensis, with MIC values in the range 12.5-100 microg mL(-1). Lysicamine has antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activity, the mini

Torachrysone shows promising antioxidant activity. Torachrysone, toralactone , aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin show noticeable antibacterial effects on four strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-

Coronarin E exhibits weak antimicrobial activity.

Anisofolin A has promising antimalarial activity (IC50 4.39 ± 0.25 uM). It has promising antimycobacterium activity [IC50 4.50 ± 0.75 uM (3.31 ug/mL)] against M. tuberculosis H37Ra and at 100 ug/mL, shows 55.6 % inhibition of M. bovis.