superoxide dismutase

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that alternatively catalyzes the disproportionate decomposition of superoxide anion radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, is an important antioxidant defense mechanism that effectively reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits neutrophil infiltration into sites of tissue damage.

Superoxide dismutase PEG (EC 1.15.1.1) is an analog of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acts as a potent free radical scavenger by reducing superoxide anions.

Soy Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. It plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Additionally, Superoxide Dismutase competes with nitric oxide (NO) for superoxide anions, thereby promoting the activity of NO by preventing the formation of peroxynitrite.

Superoxide Dismutase, Bovine (EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This enzyme is crucial in the cellular defense against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals. It competes with nitric oxide (NO) for superoxide anions, which react with NO to form peroxynitrite, thus enhancing NO activity.

Superoxide Dismutase, Roxburgh (EC 1.15.1.1), catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from the toxic effects of oxygen radicals. Additionally, Superoxide Dismutase competes with nitric oxide (NO) for superoxide anions (which react with NO to form peroxynitrite), thereby enhancing the activity of NO.

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (Mn SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme located within mitochondria that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2·-) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Mn SOD plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and is involved in conditions such as transplant rejection, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD; SOD1) is a cytoplasmic copper-zinc dimeric form of superoxide dismutase. It functions by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals.

Tiomolibdate diammonium (NSC-286644) is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) exerting antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. Tiomolibdate diammonium inhibits the activities of cuproenzymes, including SOD1 and COX.

NF-κΒ activator 1 can activate the nf-kappa Β gene activator, EC50 of 0.9 microns. NF-κΒ is widely used in eukaryotic cells as a gene regulating cell proliferation and cell survival. NF-κΒ activator 1 induces superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 1 mRNA expression.

BNTA is a potent extracellular matrix (ECM) modulator. In a rat model of arthritis, BNTA modulates arthritis by promoting the synthesis of cartilage structural molecules on chondrocytes through the induction of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and regulating chondrogenesis through superoxide anion elimination.

TriacetonaMine (Vincubine) protects the activitis of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and creatine phos-phate kinase (CPK); it also inhibits CaCl2 induced agglomeration of thromocyte. Triacetonamine can improve the constructile function of heart mus-cles of acute anemia and decrease the content of malodialdehyde (MDA) in the heart muscles.

EUK-134, a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetic, exhibits potent antioxidant activities and inhibits the formation of β-amyloid and related amyloid fibrils.

Ethyl hydrogen succinate is a succinate ester exhibiting inhibitory activity against superoxide dismutase in mouse erythrocytes, suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

AEOL-10150 pentachloride is a metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidant and superoxide dismutase mimetic that protects lungs from radiation-induced injury.

ATN-224 (Bis(choline)tetrathiomolybdate) inhibits SOD1 activity in endothelial cells, an effect that is dose dependent with an IC50 of 17.5±3.7 nM. ATN-224 is an oral Cu2+/Zn2+-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor.

Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic, scavenges superoxide and alkyl radicals, preventing mitochondrial oxidation, necrosis, and apoptosis.

Adrenochrome (Adraxone) is a cytotoxic molecule that can be used to kill bacteria. Adrenochrome is an oxidized product of Epinephrine. Adrenochrome is a coronary systolic compound that acts on rat hearts and is associated with cardiotoxicity and can be used to determine superoxide dismutase activity. Adrenochrome is a potential psychotropic drug for the study of nervous system diseases.

ATN-224 is a second-generation analogue of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, acting as a novel copper chelator. It demonstrates anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties by inhibiting CuZn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1).

AKV-9 is a mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) inhibitor that effectively suppresses SOD1-induced protein aggregation and demonstrates significant protective effects against SOD1-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells, with an EC50 of 0.3 μM. AKV-9 also ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related phenotypes and significantly prolongs survival in mouse models, making it suitable for ALS pathogenesis and targeted therapy research.

Levamlodipine besylate hemipentahydrate is the besylate hemipentahydrate salt form of Levamlodipine. It is an orally effective calcium channel blocker with antioxidative and vasodilatory properties. This compound can reduce serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alleviate oxidative stress. Levamlodipine besylate hemipentahydrate is relevant for research in vascular dementia, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases.

Herbicide safener-4 (Compound I-15) is a herbicide safener designed to enhance crop resistance to herbicides without diminishing the herbicidal effects on target weeds. It competitively binds to the ALS active site alongside Mesosulfuron-methyl. In addition, Herbicide safener-4 boosts the activities of glutathione GSH, glutathione-S-transferase GST, cytochrome P450 CYP450, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetolactate synthase (ALS) within plants.

PNR-3-80 is a selective inhibitor of apoptotic endonuclease G (EndoG), with an IC50 of 0.67 μM, showing greater inhibition than against DNase I. It exhibits no inhibitory activity against DNase II, RNase A, proteases, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase 1. PNR-3-80 effectively protects human prostate cancer cells from cell death induced by Cisplatin and Docetaxel and inhibits DNA damage and autophagy (autophagy) prompted by Etoposide. This compound is applicable in studies of cellular damage.

ALR2-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of ALR2 with an IC50 of 21.8 nM, demonstrating excellent antioxidant activity with an EC50 of 2.8 μM in DPPH free radical scavenging. It directly interacts with reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), blocking free radical chain reactions, and acts as an endogenous enzyme antioxidant regulator to modulate catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme functions. By influencing the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, ALR2-IN-9 inhibits excessive mitochondrial superoxide production induced by hyperglycemia in vitro and ameliorates oxidative stress induced by CuSO4 and H2O2 in vivo models. The compound also extends the lifespan of *Caenorhabditis elegans* by regulating stress response genes such as PMK-1 and shows potential as an anti-aging candidate. ALR2-IN-9 can be utilized in diabetes complication research.

PNR-3-82 is a selective inhibitor of Endonuclease G (EndoG) with an IC50 of 0.61 μM, showing greater efficacy than its inhibition of DNase I. It does not inhibit five enzymes related to cell death: DNase II, RNase A, protease, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase 1. With cytoprotective properties, PNR-3-82 prevents cell death induced by cisplatin and docetaxel and can be utilized in cell damage research.