hepatoprotective

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Rutin hydrate (Sophorin), a kind of glycoside, widely exists in many plants including citrus fruit.

4'-Hydroxychalcone (2-Benzal-4-Hydroxyacetophenone) is a chalcone metabolite with hepatoprotective activity

Schisandrin (Wuweizi alcohol-A) is a compound with anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

Gnetol competitivity inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 1.3 uM). Gnetol has a strong inhibitory effect on murine tyrosinase activity. Gnetol significantly suppresses melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. It is active in the inhibition of a

Irisolidone is a potent volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) current inhibitor, it exhibits high efficacy for VRAC blockade with IC50s of 5-13 μM.

Phyllanthin is widely used as hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic and inhibit function of P-gp.

Compound 11, labeled as a weak Hepatoprotective agent-1, is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the fruits of Arctium lappa L. It demonstrates modest hepatoprotective effects when applied at a concentration of 10 μM [1].

1. Schisandrol B (Besigomsin) may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. 2. Schisandrol B has anti-inflammatory property, potentially result from the inhibition of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and NO through the down-regulation of RIP2 and NF-κB activation. 3. Schisandrol B induces marked protective effects against hepatic and renal injury induced by CCl(4) exposure through differential regulation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway. 4. Schisandrol B significantly inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and Retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (Gallic acid trimethyl ether) are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. It can ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. It also exerts hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-induced rats, specifically by modulating oxidative-nitrosative stress and inflammation.

Silibinin (Silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid is a small molecule compound isolated from the rhizome of Etlingera pavieana (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R. M. Sm. It is a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor with hepatoprotective, antiamnesic, and cognitive enhancement activities, and it can be used to lower blood pressure sugar.

Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phas

Squalene (AddaVax) is an intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Squalene has a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antilipemic, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antitumor and antifungal.

Zerumbone is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene first isolated from rhizomes of the wild ginger Z. zerumbet.It has also been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects.

Bellidifolin (Bellidifoline) has anti-oxidation, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions, it may contribute to the protective effects associated with nerve injury initiated by hypoxia by mechanisms related to inhibition of cell apoptosis independent of the ERK pathway. Bellidifolin shows interesting inhibitory activity of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A, it could be useful for treating type-2 diabetes, likely via the improvement of insulin resistance (IR). Bellidifolin also shows an antifungal effect (MIC values of 50 microg/mL).

Ganodermanontriol, a sterol derived from Ganoderma lucidum, showcases hepatoprotective activity and possesses anti-inflammatory properties in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-damaged hepatic cells through the upregulation of HO-1 expression.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound with various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones.

Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), a hepatoprotective agent, is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may be the valuable anti-invasive drug candidates for cancer therapy by suppressing Collagenases and Gelatinases. Picroside I can enhance basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-, staurosporine- or dbc-mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells.

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2/ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.