glycerol

Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener, humectant, and in pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, glycerol is used in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and can be employed to induce acute kidney injury models.

2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)glycerol (2-alphaGG) is present in certain bacteria and plants that thrive in harsh environments and may extend the lifespan of budding yeast and erythrosporidium by enhancing their osmotic response.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (a phosphatidic acid) is a human endogenous metabolite.

2-γ-Linolenoyl-1,3-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol is a triglyceride.

Glycerol derivative 1 is a compound named [(1R)-1-[(2S)-2-(hexadecanoyloxy)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propoxy]-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl] hexadecanoate, characterized as odorless and tasteless. It appears as a white or cream-colored powder and is insoluble in water, but highly soluble in (methanol).

1,2-Dimyristoyl-rac-glycerol promotes interactions between proteins and lipids and can be used as a detergent or reagent. It can be used for cell biology experiments on glycerolipid metabolism and metabolic pathways.

1-Palmitoleoyl glycerol is a bioactive monoacylglycerol that inhibits P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells and induces thymocyte apoptosis.

1,2,3-Trieicosapentaenoyl-rac-glycerol (EPA-TG) is a glycerol ester of eicosapentaenoic acid , which is an ω-3 fatty acid. An EPA-TG emulsion, administered i.v., lowers leukotriene B4 production by 40% in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rabbits and reduces platelet aggregation. It suppresses natural killer cell activity both in vitro and in vivo, in human lymphocytes and murine spleens, respectively, with the in vivo effects lasting up to seven days.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is synthesized via the cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway, involving the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate using NADH generated during glycolysis.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-arachidonoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains palmitic acid , oleic acid , and arachidonic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. It has been found in lipid extracts from whole rat retina.1

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) is a diacylglycerol (DAG) substrate that can be hydrolyzed to 2-arachidonic acid glycerol. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol activates PKC, induces Ca2+ influx, and can induce tracheal smooth muscle contraction.

1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol) is a cell-permeable calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activator that modulates whole-cell Ca2+ currents in a variety of excitable cells and induces the production of superoxide.

ZKN14489, also known as 08:0 DG and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, is a short-chain, cell-permeable diacylglycerol that serves as a lipid cofactor for activating protein kinase C.

1,2,3-Trinonadecanoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol incorporating nonadecanoic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, serves as an internal standard in the quantification of triacylglycerols in human serum via capillary gas chromatography.

1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol serves as an internal standard for quantifying 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol using GC or LC-MS techniques. This diacylglycerol, featuring palmitic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) activity by 15% at a 25 μM concentration. Additionally, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol encourages rapid growth in Frankia, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(3-lysyl(1-glycerol))] hydrochloride (16:0 Lysyl PG hydrochloride) is a synthetic phospholipid that facilitates the preparation of artificial vesicles.

1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methylglycerol is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial for life science related research and as a sulfonylation reagent for organic synthesis and drug discovery.

14:0 Cardiolipin sodium is a reagent used in biochemical reactions.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol is an internal standard for the isolation and characterization of molecular species of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG).

1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol is a monoacylglycerol that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position. 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol levels are decreased in tumor tissue in a mouse model of azoxymethane-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. 1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol has been used in the composition of transfersomes for transdermal delivery of doxorubicin in rats, leading to doxorubicin accumulation in lymph nodes, spleen, and heart.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, produced by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by NADH formed during glycolysis of the cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium, a phosphatidic acid, is an endogenous human metabolite.

1-Linoleoyl Glycerol (Monolinolein) is fatty acid glycerol that has been isolated from Saururus Chinensis roots. The (R)-1-Linoleoyl Glycerol and (S)-1-Linoleoyl Glycerol exhibit Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 45.0 and 52.0 μM, respectively.

Glycerol phenylbutyrate (HPN-100) (GPB) is a new generation ammonia scavenger drug and it also is a sigma-2 (σ2) receptor ligand (pKi: 8.02).