glycerol

Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener, humectant, and in pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, glycerol is used in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and can be employed to induce acute kidney injury models.

2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)glycerol (2-alphaGG) is present in certain bacteria and plants that thrive in harsh environments and may extend the lifespan of budding yeast and erythrosporidium by enhancing their osmotic response.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (a phosphatidic acid) is a human endogenous metabolite.

2-γ-Linolenoyl-1,3-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol is a triglyceride.

Glycerol phenylbutyrate-D15 is a deuterium-labeled Glycerol phenylbutyrate. Glycerol phenylbutyrate is a sigma-2 (σ2) receptor ligand (pKi: 8.02).

Glycerol phenylbutyrate-D5 is a deuterium-labeled Glycerol phenylbutyrate. Glycerol phenylbutyrate is a sigma-2 (σ2) receptor ligand (pKi: 8.02).

Glycerol derivative 1 is a compound named [(1R)-1-[(2S)-2-(hexadecanoyloxy)-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propoxy]-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl] hexadecanoate, characterized as odorless and tasteless. It appears as a white or cream-colored powder and is insoluble in water, but highly soluble in (methanol).

1,2-Dimyristoyl-rac-glycerol promotes interactions between proteins and lipids and can be used as a detergent or reagent. It can be used for cell biology experiments on glycerolipid metabolism and metabolic pathways.

1,2-Dioleoyl-rac-glycerol-13C3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,2-dioleoyl-rac-glycerol by GC- or LC-MS. 1,2-dioleoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol that contains oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. It effectively binds the C1 domain to activate conventional protein kinase C forms and serves as a substrate for diacylglycerol kinases and multisubstrate lipid kinase.1,2,3 |1. Yamaguchi, Y., Shirai, Y., Matsubara, T., et al. Phosphorylation and up-regulation of diacylglycerol kinase γ via its interaction with protein kinase Cγ. J. Biol. Chem. 281(42), 31627-31637 (2006).|2. Zhou, Q.Z., Raynor, R.L., Wood, M.G., Jr., et al. Structure-activity relationship of synthetic branched-chain distearoylglycerol (distearin) as protein kinase C activators. Biochemistry 27(19), 7361-7365 (1988).|3. Epand, R.M., Shulga, Y.V., Timmons, H.C., et al. Substrate chirality and specificity of diacylglycerol kinases and the multisubstrate lipid kinase. Biochemistry 46(49), 14225-14231 (2007).

1,2,3-Trioctanoyl-rac-glycerol-13C3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,2,3-trioctanoyl-rac-glycerol by GC- or LC-MS. 1,2,3-Trioctanoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains octanoic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions. Dietary administration of 1,2,3-trioctanoyl-rac-glycerol increases hippocampal levels of the glycolytic metabolites glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and β-hydroxybutyrate and the seizure threshold in the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test in mice.1 Formulations containing 1,2,3-trioctanoyl-rac-glycerol have been used in cosmetic products as thickening and skin-conditioning agents.

1-Palmitoleoyl glycerol is a bioactive monoacylglycerol that inhibits P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells and induces thymocyte apoptosis.

1,2,3-Trieicosapentaenoyl-rac-glycerol (EPA-TG) is a glycerol ester of eicosapentaenoic acid , which is an ω-3 fatty acid. An EPA-TG emulsion, administered i.v., lowers leukotriene B4 production by 40% in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rabbits and reduces platelet aggregation. It suppresses natural killer cell activity both in vitro and in vivo, in human lymphocytes and murine spleens, respectively, with the in vivo effects lasting up to seven days.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is synthesized via the cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway, involving the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate using NADH generated during glycolysis.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-arachidonoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains palmitic acid , oleic acid , and arachidonic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. It has been found in lipid extracts from whole rat retina.1

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) is a diacylglycerol (DAG) substrate that can be hydrolyzed to 2-arachidonic acid glycerol. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol activates PKC, induces Ca2+ influx, and can induce tracheal smooth muscle contraction.

1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol) is a cell-permeable calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activator that modulates whole-cell Ca2+ currents in a variety of excitable cells and induces the production of superoxide.

GNN14490, a substrate for human pancreatic lipase, is utilized to create monomolecular films for enzyme assay studies.

ZKN14489, also known as 08:0 DG and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, is a short-chain, cell-permeable diacylglycerol that serves as a lipid cofactor for activating protein kinase C.

1,3-Dinervonoyl glycerol, a diacylglycerol, features nervonic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions.

1,2,3-Tritricosanoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol containing tricosanoic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, serves as an internal standard for the quantification of fatty acids within the triglyceride component of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) cultured in media supplemented with stearic and/or oleic acid.

1,2-Diarachidoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol featuring arachidic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-decanoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, comprises palmitic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and decanoic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound is present in bovine milk fat.

1,2,3-Tri-13(E)-docosenoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol featuring 13(E)-docosenoic acid at the \(sn-1\), \(sn-2\), and \(sn-3\) positions, transiently elevates heart triglyceride levels in weanling rats when administered as 15% of a calcium-deficient diet, with levels returning to baseline after 28 days.

1-Stearoyl-3-arachidoyl-rac-glycerol is a diacylglycerol with stearic acid at the sn-1 position and arachidic acid at the sn-3 position.