MPP

MPP dihydrochloride is a highly selective antagonist of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).

Cyclocurcumin is a minor curcuminoid derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that differs structurally from curcumin despite sharing the same molecular formula (C21H20O6), Cyclocurcumin features an α,β-unsaturated dihydropyranone moiety that drives trans–cis photoisomerization instead of the diketone/keto–enol tautomerism characteristic of curcumin. Cyclocurcumin demonstrates potent biochemical activities, including selective inhibition of human aromatase (CYP19A1) with an IC50 of 4.43 μM—approximately fivefold stronger than curcumin—making it valuable for studying estrogen-related pathways, and uniquely stimulates melanogenesis and melanin export in both melanocyte and melanoma models, positioning it as a promising research tool for investigating hypopigmentary skin disorders.

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.

MPP hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor (ERR) modulator.

MMPP is a novel VEGFR2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer activity, inhibits STAT3, inhibits angiogenesis via VEGFR2/AKT/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway, and can be used to alleviate myocardial injury.

p-MPPF dihydrochloride is a selective 5-HT antagonist that dose-dependently antagonizes hypothermia induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and can be used to study neurological diseases.

p-MPPF is a selective 5-HT antagonist that dose-dependently antagonizes hypothermia induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and can be used to study neurological diseases.

AMPPD (Lumi-Phos Plus) is a 1,2-dioxo-cyclohexane derivative and a substrate for hypersensitive alkaline phosphatase.

p-MPPI hydrochloride is a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist with antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects.

CMPPE is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GABAB receptor, which inhibits alcohol self-administration and relapse behavior in rats.

2-MPPA (GPI-5693) is an orally active, selective, and potent inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) (IC50: 90 nM) and also a NAALADase inhibitor, used in the study of neurological diseases.

High affinity κ agonist

BemPPOX is a potent inhibitor of DGL.

TMPPAA is an allosteric agonist of 5-HT3 receptor.

3-MPPI was a high-affinity nonselective α1-antagonist.

MPPG is a selective L-AP4-sensitive receptor antagonist (kD=9.2 μM).

R-IMPP is an inhibitor of PCSK9 translation. R-IMPP stimulates uptake of LDL-C in hepatoma cells by increasing LDL-R levels, without altering levels of secreted transferrin.

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopamine neurotoxin and the precursor of MPP⁺. It can induce apoptosis and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used for the construction of Parkinson's disease animal models.

Vutiglabridin (HSG4112) is a novel and safe modulator of PON2, a racemic compound. vutiglabridin is an optimized structural analogue of Glabridin and is superior to Glabridin in terms of weight loss and chemical stability. vutiglabridin ameliorates mptp-induced neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease mice by targeting mitochondrial paraoxonase-2. Vutiglabridin is a clinical phase 2 drug for the treatment of obesity and has therapeutic effects on p-mitochondrial PON2 in a PD model. vutiglabridin penetrates the brain, binds PON2, and restores 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP*)-induced neuroblastoma in SH-SY5Y Vutiglabridin significantly attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dyskinesia and dopaminergic neuronal damage in mice modeled with PD in mouse experiments.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Vanillyl Alcohol (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) possesses anti-angiogenic, anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-nociceptive activities. Vanillyl alcohol can effectively inhibit the cytotoxicity and improved cell viability in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced MN9D dopaminergic cells, it also can attenuate the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteolysis.

MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) is a dopamine neurotoxin capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, often employed to induce models of Parkinson's syndrome. As a precursor to MPP+, MPTP can trigger apoptosis (apoptosis).

c-ABL-IN-6 (compound A6) is a c-ABL inhibitor with an IC50 of 16.6 nM. It shows significant neuroprotective effects against MPP+-induced death in SH-SY5Y cells and is applicable in neurodegenerative disease research.

SU-4312, also known as DMBI, is a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR and PDGFR tyrosine kinases (IC50 values are 0.8 and 19.4 μM respectively). SU4312 (SU 4312) unexpectedly protects against MPP(+) -induced neurotoxicity via selective and direct inhibition of neuronal NOS.