suppression

1. Dehydrocorydaline (13-Methylpalmatine) exerts anti-metastatic potential via suppression of MMPs and Bcl-2 signaling in NSC-LC cells. 2. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. 3. Dehydrocorydaline shows antiplatelet effects, it inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a low dose ( IC50= 34.914 ug mL). 4. Dehydrocorydaline has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. 5. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

2'-Deoxyuridine (2-deoxyuridine). An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.

Tacrolimus (Fujimycin) can bind FKBP12 to form a high-affinity complex (Ki: 0.2 nM) which inhibits the activity of the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase.

Methyl syringate (Syringic Acid Methyl Ester) has a unique inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production with a different mode of action from that of gallic acid. Methyl syringate from K. pictus is a specific and selective activator of hTRPA1, can regulate food intake and gastric emptying through a TRPA1-mediated pathway and, by extension, can contribute to weight suppression.

geraniol provides a potent protective effect against cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes. This ameliorative effect could be attributed to its suppression of oxidative stress.

Vanillin (Zimco) is a single molecule extracted from vanilla beans and also a popular odor used widely in perfume, food and medicine.Vanillin can reversibly and non-competitively inhibit the cellulase activity at appropriate concentrations and the value of IC50 was estimated to be 30 g L.Vanillin protects KSC from UVB irradiation and its effects may occur through the suppression of downstream step of MDM2 in UVB irradiation-induced p53 activation. Vanillin also inhibits yeast growth and fermentation.

Phillyrin (Forsythin) is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1 AMPK activation. Phillyrin(Forsythin) may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for drug metabolism in the body. Amentoflavone also is an inhibitor of human cathepsin B. It has antimalarial activity in trials significant affinities towards the Delta-1, kappa opioid receptors (as an antagonist) and binds to benzodiazepine receptors. Amentoflavone may be a potential lead for a new type of anti-inflammatory agents having the dual inhibitory activity of group II phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. Amentoflavone and quercetin differentially exerted suppression of PGE2 biosynthesis via downregulation of COX-2 iNOS expression.

Halofuginone specifically inhibits collagen type I gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene expression, which may result in the suppression of angiogenesis, tumor stromal cell development, and tumor cell growth. Halofuginone Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt of halofuginone, a semisynthetic quinazolinone alkaloid anticoccidial derived from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, with antifibrotic and potential antineoplastic activities. These effects appear to be due to halofuginone-mediated inhibition of the collagen type I and MMP-2 promoters. Collagen type I and MMP-2 play important roles in fibroproliferative diseases.

Licochalcone D may be a potential drug for human melanoma treatment by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and blocking cell migration and invasion. Licochalcone D has cardioprotective potential against myocardial is

1. Pristimerin (Celastrol methyl ester) has anticancer activity , treatment with Pristimerin may be a potential strategy for the suppression of hypoxia-induced metastasis through the reversal of hypoxia-induced stem cell characteristics and EMT in cancer cells. 2. Pristimerin down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators through blocking of NF-κB activation by inhibiting interconnected ROS IKK NF-κB signaling pathways, can effectively inhibit both arthritic inflammation and cartilage and bone damage in the joints.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1 2, p38, and JNK1 2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Sophoraflavanone G (Kushenol F) (Kushenol F), isolated from Sophora flavescens, induces MDA-MB-231 and HL-60 cells apoptosis through suppression of MAPK-related pathways.

1. Ganoderic acid A exhibits antitumor activity, mediated through its inhibitory effect on nuclear transcription factor-kappaB and activator protein-1. 2. Ganoderic acid A can induce proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and suppression of invasion in human

Asperulosidic acid (ASPA) has anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. ASPA is related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (Phthalic Acid Monooctyl Ester) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The Cyp17a1 gene is specifically targeted by MEHP, explaining the MEHP-induced suppression of steroidogenesis observed.

Crocetine dimethyl ester (Dimethylcrocetin) is a saffronin derivative exhibiting antioxidant properties, inhibition of AChE activity, and suppression of cell growth and differentiation.

Cytochalasin D is an actin inhibitor, the removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation. It may be an inhibitor of some fertilization processes such as sperm penetration or sperm head decondensation. Cytochalasin D inhibit

(1S)-Calcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3), a natural metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), exerts potent actions through vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation, including the inhibition of keratinocyte growth and suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion [1].

Korepimedoside C, also known as Epimedin I, is a flavonol glycoside derived from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Epimedium koreanum Nakai is a renowned Chinese herbal medicine that has been extensively studied for its potential in addressing impotence, osteoporosis, immune suppression, and cardiovascular diseases.

(±)-Phrymarolin II is a promising class of inhibitors that target the tobacco mosaic virus, representing a novel approach in plant virus suppression.

Picropodophyllotoxin (AXL 1717) is a cyclolignan alkaloid found in the mayapple plant family (Podophyllum peltatum), and a small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) with potential antineoplastic activity. Picropodophyllotoxin (AXL 1717) specifically inhibits the activity and downregulates the cellular expression of IGF1R without interfering with activities of other growth factor receptors, such as receptors for insulin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and mast stem cell growth factor (KIT). This agent shows potent activity in the suppression o f tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. IGF1R, a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, plays a critical role in the growth and survival of many types of cancer cells.

1. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Feruloyltyramine)(NTF) has hepatoprotective effect. 2. NTF has antioxidative activity against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal death. 3. NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. 4. NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, NTF induces downregulation of tyrosinase resulted in suppression of melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.

1. Decursin (Decursinol angelate) is able to attenuate kainic acid-induced seizures and could have potential as an antiepileptic drug. 2. Decursin exhibits hepatoprotective effects , potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1 induced NOX activation and Smad signaling. 3. Decursin has anti-cancer activity , mediated suppression of the PKCα, MAPK and NF-κB pathways in MCF-7 cells. 4. Decursin exhibits cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells and to possess anti-amnesic activity in vivo through the inhibition of AChE activity.