substrates

Casein Kinase Substrates 3 (CKS3) is a substrate of casein kinase (CK).

Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (UDP disodium salt) is a specific agonist of the P2Y6 receptors (EC50 = 13 nM for human P2Y6), stimulating the production of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and vasoconstriction. Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt also acts as an antagonist of P2Y14.

RKI1313 (RKI-1313) was a selective inhibitor for ROCK-dependent signaling, cytoskeletal changes, anchorage-independent colony formation, migration, and invasion.

PI-1840(IC50 = 27 nM)is a reversible and selective chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) inhibitor, with little proteasome proteolytic effects on trypsin-like (T-L) and postglutamyl-peptide-hydrolysis-like (PGPH-L).

Damnacanthal is a natural anthraquinone compound with potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-malarial, and antiviral effects.Damnacanthal inhibits a variety of protein kinases such as LIMK1 (IC50=0.8 μM), LIMK2 (IC50=1.5 μM), and Lck (IC50=17 nM), and inhibits the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (SKHep-1) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.

NTRC 0066-0 is an orally available, selective and potent inhibitor of threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) that inhibits phosphorylation of TTK substrates and induces chromosome missegregation in cell lines and mice for cancer research.

C15AlkOPP Tetrabutylamine salt is a "clickable" alkyne-modified analogs of the lipid substrates farnesyl diphosphate (FPP).

CGP77675 (ZINC1488120) is a potent and selective inhibitor of Src family kinase with IC50s of 5-20 and 40 nM for the phosphorylation of peptide substrates and autophosphorylation of purified Src. CGP77675 exhibits anticancer activity.

Bisubstrate inhibitor 78 is an inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT; IC50= 1.41 μM).1It binds the NNMT active site in the binding pockets for the NNMT substrates S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and nicotinamide . Bisubstrate inhibitor 78 is selective for NNMT over histone-lysine N-methytransferase NSD2 and protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1; IC50s = >50 μM for both). It reduces levels of 1-methylnicotinamide in, and inhibits proliferation of, HSC-2 oral cancer cells when used at a concentration of 100 μM.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

L-Arginine hydrochloride serve as substrates and nitrogen donors for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce nitric oxide (NO). They are transported into vascular smooth muscle cells via cationic amino acid transporters, where they are metabolized into NO, polyamines, or L-proline. As effective vasodilators, they are commonly used to induce experimental acute pancreatitis models.

Methylguanidine (MG) is a guanidine compound deriving from protein catabolism. It is also a product of putrefaction. Methylguanidine is a suspected uraemic toxin that accumulates in renal failure, however it also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Methyl

Butanoic acid is an endogenous human metabolite, an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The IC50 of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC1 were 2.4 mM, 4.5 mM and 5.3 mM, respectively. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has the effects of energy metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and improvement of insulin resistance.

NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) hydrate is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can donate electrons in a reducing reaction, becoming oxidized to produce NAD+. Various enzymes utilize NADH disodium salt hydrate plus H+ to reduce substrates, generating NAD+ and the reduced product.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (Methoxatin disodium salt), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2), constructing quinoprotein model reactions.

1,3-Butanediol (BD) is a ketogenic substance. Ketone bodies are essential energy substrates in the absence of exogenous nutrients, and more recently, they have been suggested to prevent disease and improve longevity.

Apcin-A is an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) inhibitor. It interacts strongly with Cdc20 and inhibits the ubiquitination of Cdc20 substrates. Apcin-A can be used to synthesize the PROTAC CP5V.

ERAP1-IN-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) inhibitor that allosterically activates ERAP1's hydrolysis of fluorogenic and chromogenic amino acid substrates, while competitively inhibiting its activity toward a nonamer peptide representative of physiological substrates.

Furamidine is also a selective and cell-permeable protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.4 μM. Furamidine is selective for PRMT1 over PRMT5, PRMT6, and PRMT4 (CARM1) (IC50s of 166 μM, 283 μM, and >400 μM, respectively). Furamidine (DB75) is abisbenzamidine derivative and an antiparasite agent. Furamidine is a potent, reversible and competitive tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP-1) inhibitor. Inhibition of TDP-1 by Furamidine is effective both with single- and double-stranded DNA substrates but is slightly stronger with the duplex DNA.

FT671 is a non-covalent, selective USP7 inhibitor (IC50=52 nM) that binds to the catalytic domain of USP7 (Kd=7.8 µM). It disrupts the stability of USP7 substrates including MDM2, elevates p53, induces p21, and inhibits tumor growth in mice.

CC0651 is a highly selective allosteric inhibitor of human Cdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UCE), inhibiting p27 Kip1 ubiquitination (IC50=1.72 μM) by blocking ubiquitin transfer to substrates, for use in cancer research.

ATP-polyamine-biotin is a cell-permeable, efficient kinase cosubstrate with conversions and kinetics similar to those of other known ATP analogues. APB shows a cytotoxicity EC50 value of 19 ± 1 mM. ATP-polyamine-biotin is shown to promote biotin labeling

ML323 is a reversible and effective USP1-UAF1 inhibitor in a Ub-Rho assay (IC50: 76 nM) and in orthogonal gel-based assays using K63-linked diubiquitin (di-Ub) (IC50: 174 nM 820 nM)and monoubiquitinated PCNA (Ub-PCNA) (IC50: 820 nM) as substrates, respectively.

4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) is an artificial substrate of 4-nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranoside used for detecting α-galactosidase activity. The amount of released pNP increases significantly when PNP-alpha-D-Gal is used as a substrate.

Methyl 2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetate is a coumarin derivative suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.