membrane-permeable

Coppersensor 1 (CS1) is a boron dipyrromethene-based fluorescent sensor for selective and sensitive detection of copper(I) ions (Cu + ) in biological samples. Coppersensor 1 can be imaged using any type of fluorescence microscope, including epifluorescence, confocal and multiphoton.

MitoSOX Red is a fluorescent dye serving as a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for superoxide, with cell membrane permeability and specificity. Upon oxidation, MitoSOX Red subsequently binds to nucleic acids within mitochondria/nuclei, producing intense red fluorescence, and is employed for detecting mitochondrial superoxide in live cells.

Fura-2 AM is a membrane-permeable Ca²⁺ (calcium ion) indicator that is converted to Fura-2 by esterase within cells. Its fluorescence emission wavelength is around 510 nm, with excitation maxima at 340 nm under high calcium concentrations and 380 nm under low calcium concentrations. Calcium ion concentrations can be calculated using the fluorescence intensity ratio.

KMG-104AM is a selective fluorescein-derived magnesium fluorescent membrane-permeable probe. It is successfully used to Intracellular 3D Mg2+ Imaging.

Asante potassium green-1 AM is a membrane-permeable, acetoxymethyl (AM) ester-form fluorescent potassium indicator that emits in the yellow-green spectrum.Asante potassium green-1 AM is specifically tailored to measure dynamic changes in potassium ion concentrations in intracellular and extracellular environments characterized by high potassium concentrations, as it possesses a lower potassium binding affinity compared to other indicators like IPG-2 and IPG-4.

DMAO is a membrane-permeable DNA fluorescent dye capable of staining both live and dead bacteria (Ex/Em = 490/540 nm).

Fura-5F AM is a membrane-permeable fluorescent calcium indicator. Once inside the cell, this probe is hydrolyzed by cellular esterases and acts as an active chelating agent.

SYTM Green is a membrane-permeable DNA dye (Ex/Em=503/530 nm) that emits green fluorescence upon binding to dsDNA. It can also be used for staining bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Note: SYTM Green does not permeate live cells and is equivalent to SYTOX Green (Ex/Em=488/530 nm).

HBmito Crimson is a cell-permeable red fluorescent probe specifically targeting the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It exhibits high selectivity for the IMM, making it useful for specific fluorescent staining of live cell mitochondria.

FlAsH-EDT2 is a membrane-permeable fluorescent reagent that can label proteins. FlAsH-EDT2 can bind to CCXXCC motifs and nonspecific endogenous cysteine-rich proteins. FlAsH-EDT2 can only be used to label recombinant proteins that are expressed at very high levels.

DFHBI-2T, a membrane-permeable fluorescence probe activated by RNA aptamers (ex/em=500 nm/523 nm), is utilized for imaging RNA within live cells.

5-CFDA-AM is a cell-permeable esterase substrate used as an active probe to evaluate enzyme activity and cell membrane integrity. Electroneutral and able to enter cells at lower concentrations than CFDA, it undergoes intracellular hydrolysis by esterases to produce carboxyfluorescein, which possesses an extra negative charge, enhancing cellular retention [1].

ING-2 AM is a membrane-permeable fluorescent indicator specifically designed for sodium ions (Na+), exhibiting a binding affinity with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 20 mM. With excitation and emission maxima (λ) at 525 nm and 545 nm respectively, this compound achieves a 20-fold selectivity over potassium ions (K+). It is utilized both in vitro and in situ to monitor real-time sodium influx.

IPG-4 AM, a membrane-permeable fluorescent indicator, specifically binds to potassium ions (K+) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 7 mM. This compound exhibits excitation and emission maxima (λ) at 525 nm and 545 nm, respectively, and displays a 100:1 selectivity for K+ over sodium ions (Na+). It is utilized for real-time detection of intracellular K+ levels, as well as monitoring extracellular K+ changes in vivo.

Calpain substrate is a membrane non-permeable, fluorogenic compound used in Calpain enzymatic activity assays [1].

EDTA-AM (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetoxymethyl ester) represents the membrane-permeable version of the metal chelator EDTA. By incubating live cells with EDTA-AM, they passively absorb this compound. After entering the cell, cytoplasmic esterases break down the AM esters, liberating the active chelating agent EDTA that sequesters metal ions internally. The presence of EDTA-AM in cells leads to the cessation of mitotic progression and the decondensation of chromosomes [1] [2].

FFP-18-AM, a cell-permeable fluorescent indicator, is designed for the measurement of near-membrane calcium.

LysoTracker Yellow HCK 123 is a highly selective fluorescent probe designed for labeling acidic organelles in live cells, particularly lysosomes. The probe accumulates in acidic compartments via its weak base moiety. In plant sciences, it has been discovered to specifically label silica-deposition vesicles (SDVs) in diatoms, serving as a vital tool for studying biosilicification. In pharmacological research, it is frequently utilized to track the intracellular localization of drug delivery systems (e.g., polymeric micelles) to verify endocytosis and trafficking pathways through colocalization analysis.

PMQA (Zn-green), an 8-aminoquinoline-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor, exhibits an 85 nm redshift in emission upon Zn 2+ induction. This cell membrane-permeable probe effectively images Zn 2+ within living cells [1].

8-NBD-cGMP is a fluorescent analog of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), acting as an effective membrane-permeable fluorescent activator for cGMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes I α and I β. This compound exhibits negligible fluorescence in aqueous solutions, but emits intense fluorescence in hydrophobic environments (such as hydrophobic protein binding sites).

Zinpyr-1 is a zinc ion-responsive fluorescent indicator and cell membrane-permeable metal-binding probe. It binds to Mn²⁺ to form a complex with enhanced fluorescence signals. Moreover, Zinpyr-1 specifically binds to free zinc ions in serum, enabling quantitative determination of free zinc ion concentration. In plant systems, the fluorescence signal of Zinpyr-1 reflects the relative zinc ion level in root cells and is mainly localized in specific regions of root cells. It can be applied to the screening of plant zinc transporter mutants and research on zinc homeostasis regulation.