FXR

FXR/TGR5 agonist 1 acts as an agonist on both FXR and TGR5 receptors and is utilized for treating fatty liver disease.

Forskolin (Coleonol) is a natural product, an adenylate cyclase activator (EC50=0.5 μM). Forskolin increases cAMP levels, activates PXR and FXR, and induces autophagy. Forskolin produces positive inotropic effects in the heart, and has platelet anticoagulant and antihypertensive effects.

INT-767 is a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/TGR5 dual agonist that prevents NASH and promotes visceral adipose brown lipogenesis and mitochondrial function for the study of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

GSK2324 is a potent FXR agonist for the treatment of NAFLD by controlling hepatic lipids through reduced uptake and selective reduction of fatty acid synthesis.

Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium (Sodium Ursodeoxycholate) is a naturally occurring secondary bile acid with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors,

Altenusin is a natural nonsteroidal fungal metabolite, as a novel selective agonist of FXR with an EC50 value of 3.2 ± 0.2 μM.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a potent inhibitor of liver-specific fatty acid transporter 5 (FATP5). Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits cholesterol absorption and is used to dissolve gallstones.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a bile acid that inhibits 11β-HSD2 with an IC50 value of 22 mM. Chenodeoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to dissolve fat for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid is used as a choledocholithiasis, choledocholithiasis and laxative, as well as to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Obeticholic Acid (6-ECDCA, INT-747) is a high-affinity, semisynthetic, bile acid-derived FXR agonist with an EC50 of 99 nM and is able to upregulate IκB-α, KLF-2, and KLF-4 expression. Obeticholic Acid (6-ECDCA, INT-747) also shows potential for treating hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis while increasing insulin sensitivity.

Lithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid) is a toxic secondary bile acid, They were FXR antagonists (IC50=0.7, 1.4 μM), EphA2 antagonists (IC50=48, 66 μM) and EphB4 antagonists (IC50=141 μM). Lithocholic acid can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is a cleanser that dissolves fat for absorption and is itself absorbed.

Hyodeoxycholic acid (NSC 60672) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia.

Sevelamer hydrochloride (Sevelamer HCl) is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia via binding to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid sodium salt (CDCA sodium salt) is a bile acid in humans that activates the nuclear receptor FXR, rescues axonal degeneration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons in patients with spastic paraplegia type 5 and cerebral xanthomatosis, and can be used to study pancreatic necrosis.

BAR502 is a dual GPBAR1 and FXR agonist (IC50s: 0.4 μM and 2 μM).

Gly-β-MCA is an orally bioactive, enteroselective and potent inhibitor of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid, used in the study of obesity and diabetes.

Glyco-Obeticholic acid is an active metabolite of Obeticholic acid. Obeticholic acid is an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Tauro-Obeticholic acid is an active Obeticholic acid metabolite. Obeticholic acid is an orally bioavailable agonist of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).

Tauro-β-muricholic Acid sodium is a endogenous metabolite, is a competitive and reversible antagonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)(IC50 of 40 μM).

LY2562175 is an effective and selective FXR agonist (EC50: 193 nM).

Fexaramine is a small molecule farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with 100-fold increased affinity compared to natural compounds.

GW 4064 is an effective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (EC50 =65 nM).

Vidofludimus (SC12267) (4SC-101, SC12267) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH).

DY268 is a compound based on trisubstituted pyrazolamide without any FXR agonist activity and cytotoxicity and can be used as an effective FXR antagonist (IC50 = 7.5 nM).

Tropifexor (LJN452) is a novel and highly potent agonist of FXR with an EC50 of 0.2 nM.