supplement

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Sodium ascorbyl phosphate) is utilized in biocatalytic dephosphorylation for electric power generation and electrochemical detection assays.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is a natural product. Glucosamine is used as a dietary supplement. Glucosamine has pharmacological effects on cartilage and chondrocytes in osteoarthritis when used externally. Glucosamine regulates sugar metabolism. Glucosamine reduces the activity of glucoskinase in pancreatic islet homogenate.

Vincamine (Perval) is a major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.

L-5-Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) is a naturally occurring amino acid and dietary supplement that serves as a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. It can be used as an antidepressant, appetite suppressant, and sleep aid, and acts as an antagonist to reserpine. L-5-HTP is widely used in research on myoclonus, fibromyalgia, migraine, and cerebellar ataxia, and is also commonly used to induce epilepsy models.

C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a water-soluble protein pigment that is also used as a nutrient supplement for human beings.

Malic acid disodium hydrate is commonly used as a food additive, buffering agent and nutritional supplement with the ability to enhance food flavor, improve texture and regulate acidity. Hydroxybutanedioic acid disodium hydrate can also be used as a dietary supplement to help increase energy production, reduce fatigue and enhance athletic performance.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Hedonal) is a synthetic auxin used as a plant growth regulator and also used as a supplement in plant cell culture media. It is an active ingredient in herbicides used to disrupts the actin cytoskeleton for the control of root elongation and cell production.

DSPS (Dioctadecanoylphosphatidylserine) is a glycerophospholipid, an important phospholipid membrane component that plays a key role in cell cycle signaling. DSPS can regulate cellular activity and mediate apoptosis. DSPS is widely used as a nutritional supplement.

Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione) is a steroid hormone isolated from the adrenal cortex.

Chondroitin sulfate is an important structural component of cartilage and has been used as a dietary supplement for the treatment of joint discomfort.

Acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl L-carnitine hydrochloride) is a nutritional supplement composed of the hydrochloride salt form of the acetylated form of the endogenously produced L-carnitine, with potential neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, anti-depressive and immunomodulating activities. It may also relieve peripheral neuropathy induced by chemotherapy, diabetes or other diseases. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine may modulate the immune response by increasing T-lymphocytes maturation and may downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. It may also disrupt the ACE2 signaling pathway and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

1. Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone) is cytotoxic to melanocytes through the binding of RK-derived quinones to thiol proteins and the pro-oxidant activity of the RK-oligomer, the exposure of human skin to RK can cause chemical occupational leukoderma. 2. Raspberry ketone is marketed on the Internet as a food supplement.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.

1-Octacosanol (Octanosol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is used as a nutritional supplement. It is reported to possess cholesterol-lowering effects, antiaggregatory properties, cytoprotective use, and ergogenic properties.

NSC 42196 (Calcium glucoheptonate) is the calcium salt of (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonic acid. NSC 42196 is used as a calcium supplement for treatment of hypocalcemia.

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a methyl donor with oral activity. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a dietary supplement with effective antidepressant and pain-relieving effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate also has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects in cancer. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine can be used in the research of liver diseases and osteoarthritis.

1.(-)-Fucose (6-Desoxygalactose) can anti-infective, anti-cancer, enhance immunity 2. (-)-Fucose is a skin moisturizing and delaying skin aging 3. (-)-Fucose is a nutritional supplement

Pantethine (Pantomin) (Bis-pantethine) is a dimeric form of vitamin B5. Pantethine is less stable than pantothenic acid and tends to decompose over time if it is not kept refrigerated, so most vitamin B5 supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate. It is available as a dietary supplement and is used to treat acne and improve the blood-cholesterol profile.

L-Hexanoylcarnitine is a form of acylcarnitine used as a supplement for athletes and fitness enthusiasts to enhance physical performance and promote fat metabolism.

(±)-Propionylcarnitine chloride (Propionyl-DL-carnitine chloride) is a mixture of short-chain acylcarnitines used as a dietary supplement for the study of chronic diabetes.

Ferrioxamine E is an iron supplement used by both Salmonella and Escherichia coli, a growth promoter for detecting Salmonella in food and industrial applications.

Calcifediol (U 32070E) is a naturally occurring product that is metabolized in the liver from vitamin D3, a VDR ligand. Calcifediol is indicated for use as a vitamin supplement for all patients with vitamin D deficiency.