parasites

Pyrimethamine (Pirimecidan) is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), used as an antimalarial drug.

Tizoxanide (Desacetyl-nitazoxanide) is a metabolite of lamivudine. Lamivudine (2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, commonly called 3TC) is a potent nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI).

SDZ285428 is a CYP24A1 inhibitor.

Epoxyazadiradione is an extract from Neem (Azadirachta indica) plant and may induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibition of NF-kB in human cervical cancer cells.

DSM265 (PfSPZ) is a dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor with antimalarial activity (IC50: 8.9 nM).DSM265 inhibits the growth of Pf3D7 parasites and can be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria infections.

Nimbolide, a triterpenoid derived from neem leaves and flowers, is a natural product and a CDK4/CDK6/NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits multiple signaling pathways including Wnt and PI3K-Akt, possesses antitumor activity, and can induce tumor cell apoptosis.

ABMA is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of intracellular toxins and pathogens, efficiently protecting cells against various pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites. ABMA selectively acts on host cell late endosomes rather than targeting the toxin or pathogen itself.

Allopurinol riboside is a metabolite of allopurinol with potency against parasites. Allopurinol riboside competitively inhibits the action of purine nucleoside phosphorylase on inosine with a Ki of 277 μM.

SNX0723 is a potent Hsp90 Inhibitor with anti-Plasmodium activity. SNX0723 shows high binding affinity for HsHsp90 and PfHsp90 with Kis of 4.4 and 47 nM, respectively. SNX0723 inhibits liver-stage P. berghei ANKA parasites with the EC50 of 3.3 μM.

Aklomide (2-Chloro-4-nitrobenzamide) is used in poultry to treat parasites.

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Acidum iopanoicum) inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. It is a chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa.

Toltrazuril (Toltrazurilo), an antiprotozoal agent, has effect on Coccidia parasites.

Azamethiphos, an organothiophosphate insecticide, is used in Atlantic salmon fish farming to control parasites.

Nitroxynil (4-Hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrobenzonitrile) is an anthelmintic compound that effectively targets parasites in both adult and immature stages. It is extensively employed in investigations pertaining to Fasciola hepatica infection.

Toltrazuril sulfone (Ponazuril) is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites.

Nitenpyram (Capstar) is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) agonist, used as veterinary medicine to treat parasites of livestock and pets.

Chiniofon (Ferron), a halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline, is used as an antiamebic drug. This type of anti-amebic drug exerts an anti-amebic effect by inhibiting intestinal commensal bacteria and affects amoebic dysentery, but has no effect on extra-intestinal amoebic parasites.

Quinine sulfate dihydrate plays a major role in potassium channel blockers. It is also used as an antimalarial, anticholinergic, antihypertensive and a hypoglycemic agent. It inhibits mitochondrial ATP-regulated potassium channel. It is also used to study the metabolism of biocrystalized heme, hemozoin, in malarial parasites and to study the toxicity of heme (FP)-complexes.

Anti-parasitic agent 3 is effective against drug-resistant parasites.

Bithionol sulfoxide (Bithionoloxide) is a compound with inhibitory effects on parasites, suppressing the activity of Schistosoma japonicum and Fasciola hepatica.

NPD1335, a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei phosphodiesterase B1 (TbrPDEB1), exhibits submicromolar activity against T. brucei parasites and an improved cytotoxicity profile. By elevating intracellular cAMP levels, NPD1335 disrupts the cell cycle, leading to cell death [1].

(±)-Licarin A ((±)-trans-Dehydrodiisoeugenol), a dihydrobenzofuran neolignan formed via oxidative coupling of isoeugenol with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, exhibits 100% parasite mortality at 200 μM.

BRD9185 is an inhibitor of Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) with an EC50 of 16 nM against multidrug-resistant blood-stage parasites in vitro.

PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide natural product produced by fungal fermentation with anthelmintic activity. As an ionophore-like compound, PF 1022A forms complexes with metal ions and disrupts ion homeostasis and membrane potential in parasites, leading to its anthelmintic effects. It shows significant activity against the poultry nematode Ascaridia galli.