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Licarbazepine (10,11-hydroxy-10,11 Dihydrocarbamezer) is the pharmacologically active metabolite of oxcarbazepine, a drug indicated for the treatment of partial seizures and bipolar disorders.

Vonsetamig, a humanized immunoglobulin G4-kappa monoclonal antibody, targets both TNFRSF17 and CD3E. It serves as an antineoplastic agent.

Tribromoethyl alcohol (Avertin) is an organic compound used to anesthetize mice.

Balsalazide sodium hydrate (Balsalazide disodium) is an anti-inflammatory compound used in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Balsalazide sodium hydrate is a new 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) containing prodrug. High dose Balsalazide sodium hydrate(3.0 g twice daily) was superior in maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with a low dose (1.5 g twice daily) or a standard dose of mesalazine (0.5 g three times daily). All three treatments were safe and well tolerated [1]. Balsalazide sodium hydrate is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate active UC. It is efficacious for the induction of remission in mild to moderate UC and has a favorable safety profile, with the added advantages of greater efficacy of remission induction and rapidity of onset [2].

Etripamil (MSP-2017) displays atrioventricular nodal conduction and prolongs atrioventricular nodal refractory periods by inhibiting calcium ion influx through the calcium slow channels in the atrioventricular node cells. Etripamil is an antagonist of short-acting L-type calcium-channel. It has a rapid onset of action designed for intranasal administration. It is also used to treat Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Vatanidipine (AE0047) is a novel dihydropyridine (DHP)-type calcium channel blocker with slow-onset pharmacological actions.A slow-onset and long-lasting hypotensive action was observed in various experimental hypertensive models.

AMG-369 (AMG 247) is an S1P1 S1P5 dual agonist that delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. encephalomyelitis in rats.

Etidocaine is an amino acidamide that acts as a local anesthetic with fast onset and long-acting properties.

Fosdevirine (GSK2248761) is a selective and potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) inhibitor with anti-HIV activity for the study of neurological related disorders such as late-onset epilepsy.

(Iso)-Fosdevirine ( (Iso)-GSK2248761) is a selective and potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) inhibitor with anti-HIV activity for the study of neurological disorders such as late-onset epilepsy.

Litoxetine is a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor and is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Litoxetine acts as an antidepressant and has shown antiemetic properties in ferrets. Litoxetine (1 and 10 mg kg i.v.) dose-dependently reduced the number of regurgitations and vomiting and delayed the onset of vomiting. Litoxetine has an affinity for brain 5HT3 receptors (Ki = 85 nM).

Procaine (Vitamin H3) is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block.

Levetiracetam (SIB-S1) is a relatively unique anticonvulsant that is typically used in combination with other antiepileptic medications for partial onset seizures. Levetiracetam has been linked to rare instances of serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase elevations during treatment and to rare cases of clinically apparent drug induced liver disease.

Zonisamide (AD 810), a sulfonamide anticonvulsant, is approved for use as an adjunctive treatment in adults with partial-onset seizures. It may inhibit a carbonic anhydrase although this is not one of the main mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels results in a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may lower the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while increasing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

Procaine hydrochloride (Novocaine HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodiumchannels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.

Menbutone (Genabilin) is a derivative of oxobutyric acid, and is a choleretic. Menbutone shows a rapid onset of action, reaching its maximum plasma level within 1 hour and lasting for roughly 10 hours.

Lacidipine (SN-305) is a lipophilic dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with an intrinsically slow onset of activity. Due to its long duration of action, lacidipine does not lead to reflex tachycardia. It displays specificity in the vascular smooth muscle, where it acts as an antihypertensive agent to dilate peripheral arterioles and reduce blood pressure.

Uridine triacetate (RG 2133 triacetate) (Tri-O-acetyl uridine), an orally active prodrug of uridine, is efficiently absorbed in the gut and swiftly deacetylated in the circulation to release free uridine. It is utilized in the research of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine toxicity, particularly targeting early-onset cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) complications.

Eslicarbazepine Acetate (Zebinix) is an anticonvulsant medication approved for use in Europe, the United States and Canada as an adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures that are not adequately controlled with conventional therapy.

Bilastine (Bilaxten) is a novel new-generation antihistamine that is highly selective for the H1 histamine receptor, has a rapid onset and prolonged duration of action.

Tranylcypromine hemisulfate (Tranylcypromine Sulfate) is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with a rapid onset of activity.

Dexketoprofen trometamol is a modified non-selective COX inhibitor with a rapid onset of action that is available as both oral and parenteral formulations.

D-Leucine ((R)-Leucine) potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro.

ZZL-7 is a fast-onset antidepressant agent that disrupts the interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and has research value in major depressive disorder (MDD).