atopic

Clobetasone butyrate, a synthetic glucocorticoid with topical anti-inflammatory activity, is effective in treating corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, especially within skin tissues.

Ufenamate (Flufenamic acid butyl ester) is an anthranilic acid-based anti-inflammatory drug developed for the treatment of skin diseases.

Difamilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase IV.

Tranilast (SB 252218), an antiallergic drug, suppresses lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, therefore utilized in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Bepotastine Besilate (TAU 284) is a non-sedating and selective H1 receptor antagonist (pIC50: 5.7).

Pimecrolimus (SDZ-ASM 981), a calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressant, binds to the receptor macrophilin-12 (FKBP-12) forming a complex that blocks the calcium-dependent signal transduction cascade mediated by calcineurin.

Bepotastine (Bepotastine free base) free base is a histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonis.

Dupilumab (REGN-668) belongs to antibody inhibitors and is an IL-4Rα-targeted inhibitor that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. This compound possesses high selectivity and is mainly used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Atinvicitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, demonstrates high specificity for Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), consequently inhibiting downstream cytokine signaling pathways that rely on JAK1 enzymatic activity. Atinvicitinib modulates a wide range of cytokines that are implicated in itch responses, allergic reactions, and inflammatory conditions, making it a significant research tool for studying cytokine-mediated immune processes as well as therapeutic modulation of allergic and inflammatory diseases.

Oxazolone is a haptenating agent that can induce models of acute or chronic colitis and atopic dermatitis. It activates Th1/Th2 responses, leading to weight loss and diarrhea, and the resulting inflammation can be alleviated by anti-IL-4 antibodies, anti-TNF-α antibodies, or IL-13R2α-Fc fusion proteins. It is also suitable for studying gene expression related to inflammatory bowel disease in zebrafish.

Vapitadine is a non-sedative antihistamine compound that relieves itching caused by atopic dermatitis.

PF-07038124 HCl is a selective and potent PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for PDE4B2.PF-07038124 HCl inhibits IL-13, IL-4, and IFNγ, and can be used in the study of skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis and plaque psoriasis.

GLPG2534 is an orally active, selective and potent IRAK4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. GLPG2534 inhibits human and mouse IRAK4 and could be used to study psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

Trans-Tranilast is an antiallergic drug developed by Kissei Pharmaceuticals. It was approved in 1982 for use in Japan and South Korea for bronchial asthma. Indications for keloid and hypertrophic scar were added in 1993. It has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Nafamostat mesylate (FUT-175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, has been used for the treatment of allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.

Rovazolac (ALX-101) is a liver x receptor (LXR) modulator used in the study of immune system disorders and atopic dermatitis.

Mapracorat (ZK-245186, BOL-303242X) is a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent for atopic dermatitis, post-cataract surgery inflammation, and allergic conjunctivitis.

Alclometasone (7a-Chloro-16a-methyl prednisolone), a glucocorticoid, inhibits leukocyte release of pro-inflammatory mediators and effectively treats corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic dermatitis, and eczema [1].

Asivatrep (PAC14028) is a selective and potent antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) for the study of atopic dermatitis.

PQA-18, an inhibitor of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2; IC50 = 10 nM), is derived from Ppc-1 (product number 42352) and exhibits immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells induced by Concanavalin A (product number 14951) with an IC50 of 400 nM. Topically applied at 0.1%, PQA-18 reduces the severity of atopic dermatitis, serum IgE levels, and skin thickness in the NC/Nga mouse model. A lower concentration of 0.05% also decreases skin nerve fiber density in NC/Nga mice. Additionally, PQA-18 administered at 4 mg/kg improves graft survival in a rat small intestine transplantation model.

Sudexanox, a flavonoid derivative, is utilized in the treatment of allergies, atopic asthma, and asthmatic bronchitis. In preclinical studies, Sudexanox has demonstrated potent activity in an IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model in rats.

KRO-105714 is a novel SPC and S1P1 antagonist that has been shown to alleviate symptoms of atopic dermatitis in various mouse models.

CEE321 is an effective pan-JAK inhibitor with an IC50 of 54 nM. It effectively inhibits biomarkers associated with atopic dermatitis.

JAK1/STAT3-IN-1 (compound 4f) functions as an anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) agent by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. It has an IC50 value of 2.17 μM for inhibiting NO production. Additionally, JAK1/STAT3-IN-1 improves skin conditions in AD-like mice by reducing inflammatory infiltration, suppressing the expression of p-JAK1/JAK1 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and alleviating the hyperimmune response induced by MC903 (Calcipotriol).