antioxidative

Citric Acid Monohydrate is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative.

1. Citric acid (Citro) (1-2 g kg) can decrease brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation. 2. Citric acid denture cleansers can reduce C. albicans biofilm accumulation and cell viability. However, this CT did not prevent biofilm recolonization.

Marein shows neuroprotective effect on PC12 cell damage induced by methylglyoxal, which is due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway, it may be a potent compound for preventing counteracting diabetic e

Phyllanthin is widely used as hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic and inhibit function of P-gp.

Tamarixetin (4'-O-Methyl Quercetin) is a natural flavonoid derivative of quercetin that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, offering protection against cardiac hypertrophy.

(+)-Magnoflorine (Thalictrin) has sedative and anxiolytic effects, probably mediated by Magnoflorine through a GABAergic mechanism of action. Magnoflorine and Sinomenine have protective effects, are mediated by some mechanism other than prevention of micelle formation or protection of the erythrocyte membrane against osmotic imbalance.

4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.

Benzyl isothiocyanate (Benzoylthiocarbimide) (BITC) is an isothiocyanate originally found in cruciferous vegetables. It shows immunomodulatory, anti-parasitic, antibiotic, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, anticancer chemotherapeutic, and chemopreventive activities.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate, a lipophilic flavin derivative, possesses antioxidative and lipid peroxide-removing activities.

Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activity. Geniposide has been shown to regulate Nrf2 translocation.

Gentiopicroside (Gentiopicrin), a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside, extracted from Gentiana manshurica Kitag, inhibits P450 activity, with an IC50 and a Ki of 61 μM and 22.8 μM for CYP2A6; has antianti-inflammatoryand antioxidative effects.

Phloretin (NSC-407292) is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It can be found in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricot. It promotes potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells.

Chalcone (Cinnamophenone) is an aromatic ketone that forms the central core for a variety of important biological compounds, which are known collectively as chalcones.

4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (parahydroxy phenylacetate) is a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) induces expression of Nrf2.

Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) is a natural product serving as a substrate in the methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) catalyzed antioxidant system, exhibiting neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-obesity properties.

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2 ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.

1. Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-Rutinoside) is powerful antioxidative flavonoid; (1) Prevents oxidative damages caused by acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.(2) Lipid-lowering effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. 2. Dietary Eriocitrin ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis with activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. 3. Eriocitrin and Apigenin were identified as new potent inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase VA isozyme.

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

Echinacoside is a natural polyphenolic compound with various kinds of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nitric oxide radical-scavenging and vasodilative ones.

Panaxadiol (20(R)-Panaxadiol) is a novel antitumor agent extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Panax ginseng.

Orcinol glucoside (Sakakin) (OG), an active constituent isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, shows potent antioxidative and anxiolytic activities without sedative effects.