type 1 diabetes

Semaglutide Acetate is an agonist of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide (Liraglutida) is a synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Liraglutide can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic obesity.

Albiglutide TFA (782500-75-8 free base) (Albiglutide TFA) is a long acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Lixisenatide acetate is a receptor agonist similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Taspoglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (EC50 value of 0.06 nM) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Insulin Detemir, an artificial insulin, effectively controls blood sugar levels by stimulating GLP-1 secretion through enhanced Gcg expression via the activation of Akt- and or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent-cat and CREB signaling pathways. It is applicable for type 2 diabetes research [1] [2].

Dulaglutide (LY2189265), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is utilized in the study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1] [2].

Bay 55-9837 TFA, a potent and highly selective VPAC2 agonist with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.65 nM, represents a potential research therapy for type 2 diabetes [1].

Tirzepatide TFA (LY3298176 TFA), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is under development for type 2 diabetes treatment [1].

Pegapamodutide (LY-2944876), a dual glucagon-GLP-1 receptor agonist, is utilized in research concerning type 2 diabetes and obesity [1].

Retatrutide sodium salt is a potent triple agonist peptide for glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) Retatrutide sodium salt is used in the study of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Dalazatide (ShK-186) is a specific inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel, used in research on autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Dalazatide (ShK-186) TFA, a precise Kv1.3 potassium channel peptide inhibitor, is employed in researching autoimmune conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease [1] [2] [3].

Amylin (1-37), human acetate (hIAPP (1-37), acetate), a peptide hormone containing 37 amino acids secreted by the pancreas in conjunction with insulin, inhibits glucagon secretion and produces satiety during glucose homeostasis, and is a major component of amyloid deposits in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Acetyl-Exenatide, an acetylated derivative of Exenatide, mirrors insulin's functionality and is utilized in type 2 diabetes research. It promotes Th17 differentiation, inhibits Tregs differentiation, and downregulates PI3K Akt FoxO1 phosphorylation [1].

FC382K10W15 TFA, a glucagon analogue and GLP-1R GCGR agonist, holds promise for research in type 2 diabetes [1].

Mazdutide (IBI-362; LY-3305677), a synthetic oxyntomodulin analog, serves as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R) glucagon receptor (GCGR) co-agonist. Demonstrating safety and tolerability, Mazdutide is utilized in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) research [1] [2].

Mazdutide (IBI-362; LY-3305677) TFA is a dual agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR), recognized as a long-acting synthetic oxyntomodulin analog. It demonstrates a favorable safety and tolerability profile and is utilized in research related to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1] [2].

GAD65(247-266) epitope TFA, a T cell epitope derived from islet antigens, exhibits competitive binding to the type I diabetes-associated molecule I-A g7, albeit with low affinity. This epitope corresponds to a sequence within Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65, an enzyme implicated in the transformation of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [1].

RG33 Peptide, utilized in type 2 diabetes (T2D) research [1], enhances glucose clearance in insulin-resistant mice and facilitates cholesterol efflux in cultured macrophages by effectively solubilizing lipid vesicles.

Pegloxenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1 RA) agonist, is utilized in type 2 diabetes research [1].

Nisotirotide (LY-3457263), a PYY analog agonist, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes and obesity [1].

GAD65 (524-543) is a biologically active peptide comprising amino acids 524 to 543 of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). It represents an early islet antigen fragment that elicits proliferative T cell responses in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, instrumental in spontaneous autoimmune diabetes research. The peptide serves as a specific, possibly low-affinity stimulant for the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC2.5. Notably, immunization with GAD65 (524-543) heightens NOD mice's vulnerability to type 1 diabetes when subjected to the adoptive transfer of BDC2.5 T cells.

CPF-7 (Caerulein precursor fragment), an insulinotropic peptide, promotes insulin secretion and drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snai1 upregulation in PANC-1 ductal cells. Moreover, it induces exocrine plasticity through Ngn3 upregulation, with applications in type 2 diabetes research [1] [2].