type 1 diabetes

(±)-Lisofylline is an enantiomer-specific, alkyl-substituted methylxanthine, which has specific and potent activity in down-regulating leukocyte activation. (±)-Lisofylline is an anti-inflammatory agent.

Arjunolic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticholinesterasic (AChE and BuChE) activities, it may as promising targets for the development of innovative multi-functional medicines for Alzheimer desease treatment.

Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potential anti-Y properties by inhibiting the proliferation of various Y cells, including colon and prostate.

Semaglutide TFA is a glucagon-like peptide-1 congener that induces weight loss, lowers blood glucose levels, and reduces cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.Semaglutide TFA induces mild-to-moderate and transient gastrointestinal disturbances, and may be used in the study of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Streptozotocin (Streptozocin, NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that enters pancreatic β-cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT2) and induces DNA methylation, leading to β-cell apoptosis. It is toxic to insulin-producing cells and commonly used to establish diabetic animal models. This product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be prepared freshly before use.

Empagliflozin (BI 10773) is an SGLT-2 inhibitor (IC50=3.1 nM) that is potent and selective, with more than 300-fold selectivity for SGLT-1/4/5/6. Empagliflozin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist and a long-acting analog of human glucagon-like peptide-1, exhibiting potent hypoglycemic, weight-loss, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Upon activation of the GLP-1R, semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, while also enhancing autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also plays a role in regulating mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. Semaglutide is being investigated for use in type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson’s disease, metabolic and fatty liver diseases (MASLD), and other neurodegenerative and liver diseases, as well as in cancer research.

Semaglutide Acetate is a GLP-1R agonist (EC50=6.2 pM) with long-acting, selective, competitive, and oral efficacy. Semaglutide acetate can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide (Liraglutida) is a synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Liraglutide can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic obesity.

Liraglutide sodium salt (204656-20-2, free base) is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that mimics the action of endogenous incretins, promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and delaying gastric emptying. Liraglutide sodium salt (204656-20-2, free base) is commonly used in research related to type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic disorders.

Tirzepatide sodium is the sodium salt form of a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist peptide drug that enhances insulin secretion and improves glycemic control by simultaneously activating GIP and GLP-1 receptors. In research and clinical settings, Tirzepatide sodium has also demonstrated effects in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters, and is used in studies related to type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders.

DGAT-1 inhibitor 2 is an effective DGAT-1 inhibitor and anti-obesity drug. DGAT-1 (acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) is one of two known DGAT enzymes that catalyze the final step of triglyceride synthesis. Transgenic mice and pharmacological studies indicate that inhibiting DGAT1 is a promising strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.

EP1013 is a broad-spectrum selective inhibitor of Caspase used in the study of type 1 diabetes.

(R)-Lisofylline ((R)-Lisophylline) is an inhibitor of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (IC50 = 0.6 µM) that interrupts IL-12 signaling-mediated STAT4 activation, making it useful for studies on the treatment of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune disorders.

BI-135585 is an orally active, selective and potent inhibitor of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (HSD1) for the study of type 2 diabetes.

GS-9667, a selective and partial agonist of the A(1) adenosine receptor (AR), represents an effective therapy for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia via lowering of free fatty acids (FFA).

Glycogen phosphorylase-IN-1 is a selective and potent inhibitor of human hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (hlGPa) with inhibitory effects on hlGPa activity and on hepatocyte glycogen-derived glucose production, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus and canine lupus.

IHMT-MST1-58 is a STE20-like protein 1 kinase (MST1) inhibitor (IC50:23 nM) with high efficiency, selectivity and oral activity. IHMT-MST1-58 can be used to study type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

HSD-016 is an orally active, selective and potent type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) inhibitor with strong inhibitory effects on human, mouse and rat 11β-HSD1.HSD-016 can be used in the study of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

BMS-823778 is a potent inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1) for the study of type 2 diabetes.

Phanginin A, a natural product discovered in Caesalpinia sappan Linn, activates SIK1 and inhibits gluconeogenesis in mouse primary hepatocytes. Phanginin A increases PDE4 activity and suppresses the hepatic cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, improving metabolic disorders in ob/ob mice. It may be used in studies of type 2 diabetes.

Enpp-1-IN-16 is an inhibitor targeting ENPP1 with potential anti-cancer activity.Enpp-1-IN-16 can be used to study insulin resistance in relation to type II diabetes mellitus and various ENPP1-mediated diseases in the chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis classes.

Sitagliptin (MK0431), a new oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug), is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. This enzyme-inhibiting drug is used either alone or in combination with metformin or thiazolidinedione for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug can competitively inhibit a protein/enzyme and DPP-4, that leads to an incremental amount of active incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), the diminished amount of release of glucagon and increased release of insulin.

Salsalate (Sasapyrine) is an orally available salicylate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.