noradrenaline

Trimipramine maleate (Surmontil maleate) appears to inhibit serotonin transport and norepinephrine uptake by nerve terminals. This increases available norepinephrine or serotonin and prolongs its action. Trimipramine Maleate is the maleate salt form of trimipramine, a tricyclic secondary amine of the dibenzazepine class, with an antidepressant property.

Norepinephrine bitartrate acts directly on the α- and β-adrenergic receptors. Norepinephrine Bitartrate is a bitartrate salt of norepinephrine, a synthetic phenylethylamine that mimics the sympathomimetic actions of the endogenous norepinephrine. Clinically, norepinephrine is used as a peripheral vasoconstrictor that causes constriction of arterial and venous beds via its alpha-adrenergic action. It is also used as a potent inotropic and chronotropic stimulator of the heart mediated through its beta-1 adrenergic action.

Norepinephrine bitartrate is a precursor of epinephrine. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus.

S 18986 is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type receptors that enhances cognition in rodents by inducing the release of noradrenaline and acetylcholine in the rat hippocampus, subsequently improving object-recognition memory.

Iprindole, a tricyclic indole antidepressant, is a dual weak inhibitor of noradrenaline and 5-HT uptake [1].

Octodrine (2-Amino-6-methylheptane) is primarily used as a pharmaceutical intermediate for Octamylamine; it also functions as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor.

Pancuronium dibromide (Pavulon), a competitive AChR antagonist (IC50 = 5.5 nM), acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Pancuronium dibromide(Pancuronium bromide) blocking neuromuscular transmission is achieved by competing with acetylcholine for receptor sites on the motor end-plate.

Maprotiline hydrochloride (Psymion) is a bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.

Octopamine hydrochloride ((±)-p-Octopamine hydrochlorid) is a biogenic monoamine structurally associated with noradrenaline. It can serve as a neurohormone, a neurotransmitter, and a neuromodulator in invertebrates.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate (S-(+)-Chlorpheniramine maleate salt) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It is the pharmacologically active dextrorotatory isomer of chlorpheniramine.

Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate (Levophed) is a direct alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulator.

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Nortriptyline hydrochloride (ELF-101 hydrochloride) is a metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.

Doxepin hydrochloride (Aponal) is a dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.

Desvenlafaxine (O-Desmethylvenlafaxine) is a cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and is used as an antidepressive agent.

Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a partial agonist of human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors.

It is an isomer of cresotinic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid) and oxymethylbenzoic acid (2-methoxybenzoic acid). Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase. It is also present in certain skin care products, is an intermediate molecule in the production of other biochemicals, may be used as an analytical reagent and is a precursor in the manufacture of dyes. Mandelic acid (acidomandelico) is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Norepinephrine (Levophed) can stimulate apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the β-adrenergic pathway. It can up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour cells.

Escitalopram (Seroplex) is a furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.

Venlafaxine hydrochloride (Wy 45030 hydrochloride) is a cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative functioning as a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used as an antidepressive agent.

Lurasidone hydrochloride (Lurasidone HCl) is a thiazole derivative and atypical antipsychotic agent that functions as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, an antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Selective and competitive urotensin-II (UT) receptor antagonist (pKB = 8.3). Blocks hU-II induced contractions in thoracic aorta ex vivo. Exhibits no effect on noradrenaline or endothelin 1-induced contraction or on acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Behav

Guanoclor (VATENSOL) (INN), also known as guanochlor, is a sympatholytic drug. It is known to bind to non-adrenergic sites in pig kidney membranes.