neurotrophic

Moclobemide (Ro111163) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.

3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a standard flavonoid compound with numerous medicinal activities.

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic , neuroprotective activity. And tenuifoliside A has anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Paliroden is a non-peptide compound that can be taken orally and is used for supplementing neuro-nutrition. It stimulates the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophic factors and is employed in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Posatirelin (BRN6006446) is a synthetic peptide with modulatory activity and neurotrophic effects on monoaminergic and cholinergic systems for the study of vascular dementia.

Ensaculin (Anseculin), a novel benzopyrone partially substituted with piperazine, showed memory-enhancing effects in passive and conditioned avoidance paradigms in normal and artificially amnesic rodents. It showed neuroprotective activity in a model of NMDA toxicity and neurotrophic effects in primary cultured rat brain cells.Ensaculin can be used for the treatment of dementia.

NSI-189 Phosphate is a novel neurogenic molecule with pleiotropic properties, including antidepressant, procognitive, synaptoplastic, and neurotrophic activities demonstrated in preclinical studies. Its antidepressant activity is monoamine-independent.

4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is a metabolite of homoprotocatechuic acid. It is both a substrate and a suicide inhibitor of Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. 4-Methylcatechol (3,4-Dihydroxytoluene) is known to induce the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent studies have suggested that a lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the limbic system may cause neuropathic pain.

Edonerpic maleate (T-817 maleate) is a neurotrophic agent which can inhibit amyloid-β peptides (Aβ).

BT-13 is a selective agonist of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor RET independently of GFLs. BT-13 promotes neurite growth from sensory neurons in vitro.

BT18 is a mimic with function similar to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). BT18 has an effect on RET receptor tyrosine kinase RetA and GDNF family receptor GFRα1 function.

Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is a neurotrophic estrogenic steroid with vasodilatory activity that increases monocyte-endothelial adhesion through NF-κB signalling.Equilin similarly relaxes mesenteric arterial resistance by blocking Ca(2+) entry into smooth muscle.

BNN-20 is a synthetic micro-neurotrophic factor that mimics Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and exhibits region-specific neuroprotective and neurogenesis-promoting effects. It is applicable in research related to Parkinson's disease.

BNN27 is an agonist of the TrkA receptor (TrkAreceptor) and the p75NTR receptor (p75NTR receptor), exhibiting neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic properties. It enhances levels of glutamate, GABA, and glutamine in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats, improving glutamate turnover. In a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), BNN27 demonstrates neuroprotective effects, shows anti-inflammatory properties in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, and exhibits retinal protection in a rat diabetes model. BNN27 also possesses blood-brain barrier permeability.

Nurr1 agonist 12 (Compound 37) acts as an agonist of the nuclear receptor-related protein 1 (Nurr1), enhancing its transcriptional activity with an EC50 of 0.06 μM. It stimulates human response elements NBRE, NurRE, and DR5 with EC50 values of 0.07 μM, 0.027 μM, and 0.014 μM, respectively. Additionally, Nurr1 agonist 12 induces the expression of neurotrophic genes regulated by Nurr1, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), SOD1/2, BDNF, Sestrin 3, and BIRC5 (Survivin). The compound also demonstrates neuroprotective effects against neurotoxicity caused by Paraquat.

HDAC6-IN-45 (Compound 15) is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6, with an IC50 of 15.2 nM. It exerts neurotrophic effects by upregulating GAP43 and Beta-3 Tubulin markers. Additionally, HDAC6-IN-45 activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces H2O2-induced ROS production, and inhibits apoptosis in PC12 cells. In zebrafish models of Alzheimer's disease, it demonstrates neuroprotective properties. Moreover, HDAC6-IN-45 exhibits antioxidant activity and has favorable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

(R)-Indeloxazine benzenesulfonate (AS1069562) is an orally active inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, with IC50 values of 0.35 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. It exhibits analgesic activity and can enhance neurological function by improving neurotrophic support.

(2R,4R)-APDC hydrate ((2R,4R)-4-Aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid hydrate) is an agonist for group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR). It influences cell proliferation by inhibiting glutamate release, enhancing motor responses generated by D1 receptor activation, or reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. This compound is applicable in research on epilepsy and other neurological disorders.

PX5-9 is a prodrug that can enhance the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It shows potential for research into BDNF-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders.

Davunetide acetate is derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein existing in the mammalian CNS. Davunetide acetate is a microtubule-stabilizing peptide and inhibits Aβ aggregation and Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Davunetide acetate possesses neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and cognitive protective properties.

CGP 56999A is an antagonist of GABA(B) receptor, it enhances expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and attenuates dopamine depletion in the rat corpus striatum.

Ensaculin is a NMDA antagonist and a 5HT1A agonist potentially for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ensaculin showed memory-enhancing effects in paradigms of passive and conditioned avoidance in both normal and artificially amnesic rodents. It e

ACAF4 is a neurotrophic agent which significantly increases survival in PC12 neuronal cells and enhances the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF). ACAF4 induces neurite outgrowth, and modulates ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways.

Americanol A enhances choline acetyltransferase activity; has neurotrophic properties.