diphosphate

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) is a naturally occurring nucleotide derived from the dephosphorylation of ATP. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is essential for cellular metabolism and induces platelet aggregation.

Cytidine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt (CDP) catalyzes the production of Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) for DNA and RNA synthesis by transferring a phosphoryl group from ATP to cytidine monophosphate (CMP) through the action of uridine monophosphate kinase (UMPK).

Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (UDP disodium salt) is a specific agonist of the P2Y6 receptors (EC50 = 13 nM for human P2Y6), stimulating the production of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and vasoconstriction. Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt also acts as an antagonist of P2Y14.

Uridine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a selective native agonist of the P2Y6 receptor (EC50: 300 nM; pEC50: 6.52) and a potent antagonist of P2Y14 (pEC50: 7.28).

Uridine diphosphate glucose is an important intermediate in several different metabolic pathways and biosynthetic reactions.

Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate sodium is a competitive P2Y1 antagonist and exhibits non-selective antagonism at both recombinant and human platelet P2X1 receptors.

2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium (dCDP) is used as a substrate of CDP (nucleoside diphosphate) kinase (2.7.4.6) for the production of dCTP to support DNA biosynthesis and reverse transcription.

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt (ADP sodium salt) is an adenine nucleotide that is phosphorylated into ATP by ATPase. This phosphorylation is a key part of cellular homeostatis as it allows for energy storage and is involved in nucleic acid metabolism. ADP affects platelet activation through its interaction with ADP receptors P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1. Upon its conversion to adenosine by ecto-ADPases, platelet activation is inhibited via adenosine receptors.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) as Potential Iron Mobilizer, Preventing the Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction and Modulating the Interleukin-6 Stat-3 Pathway.

Geranyl diphosphate (Geranyl pyrophosphate) is an isoprenoid, an intermediate in the synthesis of cannabinoids, and a substrate for the manufacture of volatile monoterpenes, which can be used by plants to acclimatize.

Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid ammonium (UDP-α-D-glucuronic acid ammonium) is a precursor of many plant cell wall polysaccharides and is required for the production of seed mucilage.Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid ammonium is a precursor of pathogenic fungi. ammonium is a key metabolite for pod polysaccharide synthesis in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans.

Thymidine-5'-diphosphate-L-rhamnose disodium, isolated from Occhromonas malhamensis [1], is a chemical compound.

7-Deazaadenosine-5'-O-diphosphate, a modified nucleotide and metabolite of tubercidin, is generated through phosphorylation of tubercidin and further undergoes phosphorylation to become the active metabolite 7-deazaadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate.

Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Citicoline sodium (CDP-choline) is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. It also serves as a choline donor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Citicoline sodium demonstrates protective effects in cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and memory disorders. Exogenous administration of citicoline to rodents (500 mg kg i.p. immediately after ischemia and at 3-h reperfusion) has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and cardiolipin and to attenuate the release of arachidonic acid and the accumulation of ceramide.

NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH).

D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate), also known as Fosfructose, is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate. It functions by promoting anaerobic glycolysis, which generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under ischemic conditions. This compound holds potential for research in cardiovascular ischemia, sickle cell anemia, and asthma.

Phosphorylcholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate (Phosphocholine chloride calcium salt tet) is a small haptenic molecule, is found in a wide variety of organisms. Human hepatic tumors undergo an elevation in the concentration of phosphorylcholine as the principal metabolic change is observed (PMID: 11076016 ). Phosphorylcholine chloride calcium salt tetrahydrate is the precursor metabolite of choline in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathways (KEGG, map00260) and in intermediate between choline and cytidine-diphosphate choline in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway (KEGG, map00564).

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

Esafosfan trisodium (FDP trisodium) is a cytoprotective natural sugar phosphate for the potential treatment of sickle cell anemia, cardiovascular ischemia and asthma. It acts by stimulating anaerobic glycolysis which generates adenosine triphosphate under ischemic conditions.

DMAPP, also known as Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, is an isoprenoid precursor found in all life forms. It serves as an isomer of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP).

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

6-Hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-glucoside and 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-glucoside can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, they also show weak inhibitory effects on the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)- induced platelet aggregation.