keratinocytes

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

Hinokitiol (4-Isopropyltropolone) can inhibit ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and strongly suggest that the inhibitory mechanism is due to the antioxidant activity of metallothionein induced by the agent. Also, Hinokitiol modulates estrogen receptor signaling and inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

(Z)-Ligustilide (Ligustilide A) , an active ingredient isolated from the medicinal plants Angelica acutiloba and Cnidium officinale, inhibits benzo(a)pyrene-induced CYP1A1 upregulation in cultured human keratinocytes via ROS-dependent Nrf2 activation.

Lumisterol (9β,10α-Ergosterol), the (9β,10α)-stereoisomer of Ergosterol, is a steroid compound that acts as a photoprotective agent against UVB-induced DNA damage and demonstrates anti-proliferative activities[1].

(+)-Columbianetin ((S)-Columbianetin) is a new phytoalexin associated with celery (Apium graveolens) resistance to pathogens during storage, it also has antifungal activity. (+)-Columbianetin has anti-inflammatory effects, it promotes histamine release, and inhibits the histamine release by substance P, suggests that it may be helpful in regulating mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory responses. (+)-Columbianetin can be effectively used to protect keratinocytes from UVB induced damage.

1. Sauchinone is a useful adjunctive treatment for bacterial infection. 2. Sauchinone, an active lignan found in Saururus chinensis, to regulate the activation of HSCs, to prevent liver fibrosis, and to inhibit oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. 3. Sa

3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid may attenuate the TNF-α±- and LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4 expression-mediated activation of the Akt, ERK and NF-κB pathways, it may exert an inhibitory effect against the pro-inflammatory mediator-induced skin disease.

Gardenin B exhibits superior antiproliferative activity against lung, breast, colon, hepatic and leukaemia cell lines as well as in keratinocytes .

Tsugaric acid A significantly inhibits superoxide anion formation in fMLP CB-stimulated rat neutrophils and protects human keratinocytes against damage induced by ultraviolet B (UV B) light, indicating that tsugaric acid A can safeguard keratinocytes from photodamage.

Falcarinol (Panaxynol) is an Hsp90 inhibitor and CB1 receptor antagonist that inhibits the action of amphetamine on TNF-α-stimulated keratinocytes.

Leucosceptoside A is a compound isolated from the bark of Oroxylum indicum, with antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties. It modulates psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K AKT pathway in keratinocytes.