Coenzyme

Coenzyme FO, a deazaflavin chromophore, is essential as a hydride acceptor/donor in the central methanogenic pathway [1][2].

Pentanoyl Coenzyme A (pentanoyl-CoA) Free acid is a short-chain acyl-CoA. It acts as a metabolite of 3-oxopropionyl-CoA.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration, generating energy in the form of ATP. In its reduced form, it acts as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q2 is a precursor of coenzyme Q10 that has 2, rather than 10, isoprenoid units on the ubiquinone base. It can act as an electron acceptor for bacterial Complex I. In mammalian cells, exogenous coenzyme Q2 prevents the production of reactive oxygen species associated with Complex I activity. Forms of coenzyme Q with shorter isoprenoid chains, including coenzyme Q2, induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human B-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia BALL-1 cells.

Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A sodium hydrate is a precursor of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, which is closely related to the body's energy metabolism.

Oleoyl coenzyme A lithium (Oleoyl-CoA lithium) is an oleic acid and coenzyme A thioester, an efficient h15-LOX-2 allosteric inhibitor that inhibits h12-LOX and h15-LOX-2. It is used in the study of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Heptadecanoyl Coenzyme A (Heptadecanoyl-CoA) is an intermediate in lipid metabolism, also known as long-chain acyl-Coenzyme A (acyl-CoAs) (LCACoA). It is utilized in research related to carbohydrate metabolism.

Hexanoyl-coenzyme A (R-Hexanoyl-CoA) is a derivative of coenzyme A.

Benzoyl coenzyme A trilithium is an intermediate in the coenzyme A-dependent epoxide pathway. It can be used to study the metabolism of benzoates.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring compound, acting as the electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Coenzyme A is an obligatory cofactor in all living cells synthesized from pantothenate (Vitamin B5), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cysteine.

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a potent, orally active ubiquinone compound derived from Antrodia cinnamomea, induces apoptosis and autophagy. It suppresses HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling, enhancing apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Additionally, Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and promotes Nrf2 stabilization, contributing to the attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. It also exhibits anti-angiogenic activity by downregulating MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulating HO-1 signaling.

Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance found throughout the body, especially in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

Linoleoyl-coenzyme A is a substrate used to investigate the specificity and kinetics of acyl-CoA.

Succinyl-Coenzyme A sodium salt(Succinyl-CoA sodium salt) participates in the citric acid cycle, where it is converted to succinic acid.Succinyl-Coenzyme A (sodium salt) is involved in a variety of metabolic reactions in living organisms, and plays an important role in the body.Succinyl-Coenzyme A (sodium salt) is involved in heme synthesis. Succinyl-Coenzyme A (sodium salt) is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin and is used in the study of metabolic, neurological, and hematological disorders caused by nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a deficiency in Succinyl-Coenzyme A synthesis.

Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium (Acetyl-CoA trisodium) is an important compound in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism and is involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Malonyl Coenzyme A lithium (Malonyl CoA lithium) is an important precursor for the production of a variety of chemicals that modulate insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myotubes.

Coenzyme Q9 (Ubiquinone 9) (CoQ9) is a normal constituent of human plasma. CoQ9 in human plasma may originate as a product of incomplete CoQ10 biosynthesis or from the diet.

Isobutyryl coenzyme A (Isobutyryl CoA) lithium is a coenzyme A involved in fatty acid metabolic pathways. It is formed by the combination of isobutyric acid (a short-chain branched fatty acid) and coenzyme A.

Palmitoyl coenzyme A is an acyl-CoA thioester that is transported into the mitochondrial matrix via the carnitine shuttle system, where it participates in β-oxidation. Additionally, Palmitoyl coenzyme A serves as a substrate in sphinganine biosynthesis.

Pentadecanoyl coenzyme A is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biomaterial for life science related research and as a sulfonylation reagent for organic synthesis and drug discovery.

Stearoyl coenzyme A (Stearoyl-CoA) lithium is an active compound used as a substrate for assays of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme in microsomes.

Myristoyl coenzyme A triammonium (14:0 Coenzyme A) is a long-chain acyl coenzyme A, which represents the activated form of long-chain fatty acids and serves as a crucial product in lipid metabolism.

Butyryl-Coenzyme A (trisodium) is a microbial metabolite that can be synthesized into butyric acid or butyrate.

Idebenone (CV-2619) is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).