neuroprotection

Rosiglitazone (BRL49653) is a PPARγ agonist, TRPC5 activator, and TRPM3 inhibitor with oral activity. Rosiglitazone is also a hypoglycemic agent and a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer.

Mevastatin (ML236B) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that was initially isolated from the mold Pythium ultimum. Mevastatin was the first statin to enter clinical trials.

Tramiprosate (Alzhemed) is an orally active, blood-brain-barrier-crossing, naturally occurring amino acid found in a variety of red seaweeds that binds soluble Aβ and maintains it in a non-protofibrillar form.It is a GABA analog with neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antihypertensive activity.

Ibuprofen (Advil) is a propionic acid derivate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

Norharmane (β-Carboline) is a natural β-carboline first isolated from plants of the Zygophyllaceae family.

Rosiglitazone hydrochloride (BRL-49653 HCl) is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells.

Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate (Mirapex) is the hydrochloride salt of pramipexole, a benzothiazole derivative. As a nonergot dopamine agonist, pramipexole binds to D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the striatum and substantia nigra of the brain.

PRE-084 hydrochloride is a selective agonist of σ1(IC50:44 nM, in the sigma receptor assay).

Ibuprofen Lysine (Neoprofen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

2'MeO6MF is a brain-penetrant positive allosteric modulator at α2β1γ2L and all α1-containing GABAA receptors. It offers neuroprotection, improves functional recovery, and dampens the stroke-induced inflammatory response. 2'MeO6MF also has anxiolytic and sedative effects.

Sanggenol A inhibits influenza A viral and pneumococcal neuraminidase, hence functioning as a dual-acting anti-infective agent.

(Arg)9 TFA (Peptide R9 TFA) is a cell-penetrating peptide. (Arg)9 TFA (Nona-L-arginine TFA) exhibits neuroprotective activity with an IC50 of 0.78 μM in the glutamic acid model.

CH-223191 is a specific and effective aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist, and its IC50 value for inhibiting luciferase activity induced by TCDD is 0.03 μM. CH-223191 can be used in tumor immunotherapy, cytotoxicity research, stem cell research, inflammation research and neuroprotection.

A2AR-agonist-1 (N-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)adenosine) is a potent A2AR and ENT1 agonist (Ki: 4.39 and 3.47 for A2AR and ENT1. It targets the Adenosine A2A Receptor and Adenosine Transporter for Neuroprotection.

RPR104632 is a novel and potent antagonist located at the NMDA glycine site with neuroprotective activity.

KRP-199 sodium sodium is highly potent and selective for AMPA-R in vitro and exhibits good neuroprotection in vivo.

Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker that acts as an Angiotensin 2 Type 1 Receptor Antagonist, leading to a physiologic effect of decreased blood pressure.

Pramipexole (SND 919) is a selective dopamine receptor agonist used in the therapy of Parkinson disease. Pramipexole therapy is associated with a low rate of transient serum enzyme elevations during treatment but has not been implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

AICAR (Acadesine) is an AMPK activator. AICAR has the functions of metabolic regulation, muscle function regulation, anti-cancer effect, neuroprotection and anti-aging.

J-147 is an experimental drug with reported effects against both Alzheimer's disease and ageing in mouse models of accelerated aging. It is a curcumin derivative and a potent neurogenic and neuroprotective drug candidate initially developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging that impacts many pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

2-hexyl-4-Pentynoic Acid, a valproic acid (VPA) derivatives, is a potent and robust HDACs inhibitor with IC50 value of 13 μM.

Bilobalide ((-)-Bilobalide), a bioactive from Gingko Biloba, is active on hypoxia-induced alterations.

Butanoic acid is an endogenous human metabolite, an endogenous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The IC50 of HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC1 were 2.4 mM, 4.5 mM and 5.3 mM, respectively. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid has the effects of energy metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and improvement of insulin resistance.