antiparasitic

Suramin Sodium Salt (BAY-205) is a sodium salt form of suramin, a polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis.

Dextrorotation nimorazole phosphate ester TFA is an anti-anaerobic and anti-parasitic agent.

Oxantel Pamoate (Oxantel embonate) is used as an Antinematodal agent.

Doramectin (Dectomax) is an antiparasitic agent.

Fenbendazole (Fenbendazol) is an antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.

Pyrantel pamoate (Pyrantel embonate) is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. This compound is commonly used as an anthelmintic to treat parasitic worm infections, effectively paralyzing nematodes by inhibiting their neuromuscular activity.

Milbemycin oxime is a broad spectrum antiparasitic, used as a veterinary drug.

Lumefantrine (dl-Benflumelol) is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with artemether for improved efficacy. This combination therapy exerts its effects against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and may be used to treat infections caused by P. falciparum and unidentified Plasmodium species, including infections acquired in chloroquine-resistant areas.

Santonin (alpha-Santonin) is a potent antiparasitic agent.

Rafoxanide as a dual CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of skin cancer. Rafoxanide is a salicylanilide used as an anthelmintic. It is used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.

Dinotefuran (MTI-446) is an insecticide of the neonicotinoid class for control of insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leafhoppers, leafminers. Its mechanism of action involves disruption of the insect's nervous system by inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Nimorazole (Nimorazol) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective.

Fexinidazole (HOE 239) is an antiparasitic agent with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Tritrichomonas foetus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania donovani. The biologically relevant active metabolites in vivo are the sulfoxide and sulfone.

Guanabenz hydrochloride (NE56490) is an orally active α2-adrenoceptor agonist with hypotensive effects.

Flumethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. It is used externally in veterinary medicine against parasitic insects and ticks on cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs, and the treatment of parasitic mites in honeybee colonies.

GUANABENZ is a Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist. The mechanism of action of guanabenz is as an Adrenergic alpha2-Agonist.

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) is a Bcl-2 antagonist (Ki: 0.22 μM) and can induce apoptosis with up-regulation of Bim, induced cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3.

Levorotation nimorazole phosphate ester TFA is an anti-anaerobic and anti-parasitic agent.

Antiparasitic agent-24 (Compound 14a) is an antiparasitic compound with EC50 values of 0.005 μM for L. maj, 0.069 μM for L. don, 0.82 μM for T. brucei, and 4.1 μM for T. cruzi.

Antiparasitic agent-26 (Compound 8) is an antiparasitic compound that effectively inhibits the growth of Naegleria fowleri, with an IC50 of 22.87 μM (trophozoite stage) and 25.16 μM (cyst stage). It exerts its antiparasitic effects by inducing programmed cell death, which includes cytosolic calcium accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, ATP synthesis inhibition, ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation. Antiparasitic agent-26 can be utilized in research on primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Antiparasitic agent-25 (Compounds 11) is an orally active antiparasitic compound. It inhibits the invasion and replication capabilities of parasites and has an irreversible effect on Toxoplasma gondii. The agent significantly reduces the replication rate of Toxoplasma gondii, with an IC50 value of 6.33 μM, and exhibits low cytotoxicity, having a CC50 value of 285 μM.

Antiparasitic agent-21 (compound 28) exhibits selective antiparasitic activity against Naegleria fowleri, with an EC50 of 0.92 μM. Additionally, Antiparasitic agent-21 demonstrates excellent blood-brain barrier permeability.

Antiparasitic agent-22 (Compound 24) is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic compound that inhibits the procyclic form of T. brucei, L. infantum, and L. tropica with IC50 values of 2.41, 5.95, and 8.98 μM, respectively, and the amastigote form of L. infantum with an IC50 of 8.18 μM. It also shows inhibitory activity against the P. falciparum W2 strain with an IC50 of 0.155 μM. Additionally, Antiparasitic agent-22 exhibits low cytotoxicity in THP1 cells, with a CC50 of 64.16 μM.