anti-immunosuppressive

Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (Sodium houttuyfonate) is anti-pseudomonas agents, inhibits virulence-related motility of Pseudomonas.

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent type of anti-tumor drug, and its main target is DNA. Cyclophosphamide inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells by undergoing alkylation reactions with DNA, interfering with the replication and transcription processes of DNA.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

Isoflupredone (Isoflupredonum) is a synthetic corticosteroid that acts in vivo by binding to glucocorticoid and corticosteroid receptors in animals (such as horses) to inhibit inflammatory cells and inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators. Isoflupredone has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and can be used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal, allergic and systemic inflammatory diseases.

Colchicine is an orally active natural alkaloid that acts by inhibiting microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 3 nM) and as a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptor. It possesses broad anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antifibrotic activities, can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation to prevent NSAID-induced small intestine injury, holds potential for gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis research, and is commonly used to establish Alzheimer’s disease models.

Betamethasone valerate (Luxiq) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions.

Hydrocortisone acetate (Cortisol 21-acetate) is the synthetic acetate salt form of hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.

Betamethasone Dipropionate is the 17, 21-dipropionate ester of betamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. Betamethasone dipropionate (SCH 11460) binds to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. The synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins is induced while the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators is inhibited. As a result, there is an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions.

Betamethasone (NSC-39470), a glucocorticoid steroid, has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Prednisolone hemisuccinate is a soluble glucocorticoid and cortisol, a prodrug of the glucocorticoid (GR) agonist Prednisone, which exerts anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiallergic effects by binding to GR receptor, and is commonly used in systemic lupus erythematosus, acute dermatologic conditions, and arthritis.

SR-31747 blocks cell proliferation by inhibiting sterol isomerase. SR-31747 is a sigma ligand. It has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Cirsilineol (Eupatrin) is isolated from the herb of Artemisia vestita Wall and shows immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor properties. Cirsilineol selectively induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.

Sodium aurothiomalate is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. Aurothiomalate sodium (Miochrysin) is a potent and selective inhibitor of oncogenic PKC-ι signaling. Aurothiomalate sodium is a potent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor. Aurothiomalate sodium exhibits potent anti-tumor activity.

21-Deacetoxy deflazacort is a dehydrogenated derivative of Deflazacort, which is a glucocorticoid. As an inactive precursor, Deflazacort rapidly converts into the active metabolite, 21-Desacetyldeflazacort. This compound serves as both an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent.

Glucocorticoid Receptoragonist-5 (compound 4) is an effective glucocorticoid molecule acting as a potent agonist for glucocorticoid receptors. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities and serves as an ADC cytotoxin.

Denotivir (Vratizolin) is an orally active antiviral agent effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells and possesses anti-leukemic properties. Additionally, Denotivir suppresses the production of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, demonstrating immunosuppressive effects.

JH-FK-08 is an inhibitor of the serine threonine-specific phosphatase enzyme calcineurin (calcium-dependent phosphatase). It demonstrates antifungal activity, effectively inhibiting C. neoformans with a MIC80 of 0.8 µg mL. Additionally, JH-FK-08 exhibits immunosuppressive properties by inhibiting IL-2 expression with an IC50 of 42.6 nM, and shows anti-infective activity in mouse models.

Prednisolone valerate acetate (Lidomex) is a corticosteroid hormone and prodrug with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which is converted to the active form of Prednisolone upon administration and acts by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor.

Loteprednol is a synthetic corticosteroid classified under glucocorticoids. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunosuppressive properties. Loteprednol is applicable in the study of ocular inflammation.

ZG-126 is an agonist of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with an IC50 range of 0.63-67.6 μM. It demonstrates cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and 4T1. In mouse models, ZG-126 exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic effects against melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Additionally, it shows anti-inflammatory activity by reducing macrophage infiltration and polarization to the immunosuppressive M2 subtype.

Diflorasone Diacetate, a topical glucocorticoid, has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Triptolide (PG490) belongs to the tricyclic diterpenoid group of natural products and is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Triptolide exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities.

Diflorasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Like other glucocorticoids, diflorasone enters the cell by diffusion across the cell membrane and binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm

A 85 4777, a homoperazine derivative, is an anti-inflammatory agent with nonclassical immunosuppressive properties.