Plasmodium falciparum

Guanfu base H is a diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from Aconitum coreanum. It has antiplasmodial activity against the malarial Plasmodium falciparum strains TM4/8.2 (wild type) and K1CB1 (IC50s: 4 μM and 3.6 μM).

Isochondodendrine has strong antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Isochondrodendrine is a class of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Isolona ghesquiereina.

L-Canaline, a nonprotein amino acid found in many leguminous plants, exhibits potent anticancer and antiproliferative effects. It effectively inhibits the growth of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 297 nM. Additionally, L-Canaline acts as a cytotoxic metabolite produced from L-canavanine through arginase catalysis and serves as a potent and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product . Cycloheximide‘s IC50 values for protein synthesis and RNA synthesis in vivo are 532.5 nM and 2880 nM, respectively. Cycloheximide inhibits ferroptosis and autophagy and is an antifungal antibiotic.

Artemotil (SM-227) is a new, fast-acting antimalarial drug.

Chloranthalactone C, a natural sesquiterpene from Chloranthus serratus, has an IC50 >25 nM against Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum DD2.

Villalstonine, a bisindole alkaloid, exhibits a broad spectrum of bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, and anti-amoebic properties. It demonstrates potent antimalarial activity against the multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain, with an IC50 value of 0.27 μM.

Thymohydroquinone (Thymoquinol) is a monoterpenoid phenolic compound found in thyme, oregano, and other plants in the labiaceae family. Thymohydroquinone inhibits cancer cell growth, reduces oxidative stress and modulates inflammatory responses, scoured 2, 2-diphenyl-1-PicrylHydrazyl radicals in a cell-free assay (IC50 = 2.4 μg/ml), In the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) test at concentrations of 1.6 to 6.4 μg/ml, Its Trolox value was 2.6. Thymus hydroquinone inhibited the growth of A2780, OVCAR-8 and CIS-A2780 ovarian cancer cells (IC50 were 3.1, 8.9 and 9.8 μM, respectively) and human ovarian immortalized epithelial cells (IC50 = 14 μM). It also inhibited Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (IC50 = 15.9 μM).

Sporogen-AO 1, a compound from the commensal fungus Penicillium sp. G1-a14, is an inhibitor of human inducible nitric oxide synthase expression with antimalarial activity and strong cytotoxicity.

(-)-Catechin gallate ((-)-Catechin 3-O-gallate) displays inhibition of 6PGD, IDH. (-)-Catechin gallate ((-)-Catechin 3-O-gallate) displays inhibition of human Beta-secretase. (-)-Catechin gallate ((-)-Catechin 3-O-gallate) possesses antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1.

1. Tuberostemonine (Tuberstemonine) exhibits relatively higher intestinal permeabilities. 2. Tuberostemonine acts in part as an open-channel blocker at the crayfish neuromuscular junction.

Asperaculane B, a fungal metabolite, exhibits anti-malarial activity by inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum transmission and its asexual development, with IC50 values of 7.89 µM and 3 µM, respectively. Additionally, it is non-toxic to human cells [1].

P-orlandin, a fungal metabolite, effectively impedes Plasmodium falciparum infection in mosquitoes by preventing FREP1 from binding to gametocytes or ookinetes [1].

Z-Antiepilepsirine, an amide alkaloid present in Piper capense L.f., exhibits antiplasmodial properties, demonstrating an IC50 value of 27 µM against the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum [1].

Beta-mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Beta-mangostin present in Cratoxylum arborescens and exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 of 3.00 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).

Hexacyclinol exhibits moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria and can inhibit oxidant production in yeast polysaccharide-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) at concentrations of 4–40 μg/mL. It suppresses the growth of L-930 and K562 cells with IC50 values of 1.4 μg/mL and 0.4 μg/mL, respectively, and has an IC50 of 10 μg/mL for HeLa cells. Additionally, Hexacyclinol shows antimalarial activity, with an IC50 of 2.4 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum.

Batzelladine F is a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 0.13 μM against the 3D7 strain. It exhibits moderate cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells, with a CC50 of 10.6 μM, and demonstrates antimalarial activity. Batzelladine F is a promising candidate for antimalarial research.

Batzelladine L is a potent inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 0.4 μM. It exhibits moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, with a CC50 of 14 μM, and possesses antimalarial properties. This compound shows potential for use in antimalarial research.

Phomoxanthone A is a flavonoid dimer isolated from Phomopsis. It exhibits antimalarial activity against the resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1, IC50 = 0.11 µg/mL) and displays antitubercular properties against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra strain, MIC = 0.50 µg/mL). Additionally, Phomoxanthone A shows cytotoxicity in KB, BC-1, and Vero cells with IC50 values of 0.99, 0.51, and 1.4 µg/mL, respectively.

1-Methyl-2-pentyl-4(1H)-quinolinone, a low toxic natural product containing a quinoline structure, is a specific inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum type II NADH dehydrogenase (PfNDH2), significantly inhibits Plasmodium falciparum development in the mosquito stage and blocks malaria transmission.

Betulinic acid methyl ester showed antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro.It also inhibited B16 2F2 cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis.

Methylenetanshinquinone shows antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity, it is active against both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum.

Oxysanguinarine (Hydroxysanguinarine) possesses antiplatelet aggregation activity, it has potential inhibitory properties against the dengue virus.

1,2 Dihydrotanshinquinone is active against both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum.