Neurite

1. Nardosinone has inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, might be mediated by targeting PI3K Akt and MEK ERK signaling pathways. 2. Nardosinone could protect against the neuronal injury exposed to OGD, which may be relevant to the

D-Menthol ((+)-MENTHOL) is a common compound in pharmaceutical and commercial products and a popular additive to cigarettes, it attenuates α±7 mediated Ca 2+ transients in the cell body and neurite, suggests that menthol inhibits α±7-nACh receptors in a noncompetitive manner.

Picroside I (6'-Cinnamoylcatalpol), a hepatoprotective agent, is reported to be antimicrobial and used against hepatitis B. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it may be the valuable anti-invasive drug candidates for cancer therapy by suppressing Collagenases and Gelatinases. Picroside I can enhance basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-, staurosporine- or dbc-mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells.

Eudesmin shows antiinflammatory, neuritogenic, anticonvulsant and sedative effects, the mechanism of eudesmin may be related to up-regulation of GABAA and GAD65 expressions, and anti-apoptosis of neuron the in brain.50 microM (+)-eudesmin can induce neurite outgrowth and enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways.

Lactacystin is a natural non-peptide proteasome inhibitor and highly specific anticancer drug that controls the UPS of cellular protein turnover and inhibits alkaline cell proliferation, and is able to be used as a model for studying dementia, induces neurite outgrowth and transiently elevated levels of cAMP, inhibits angiogenesis, triggers apoptosis in glioma cells, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

5-OH-HxMF is an inducer of neurite growth in PC12 cells through the camp PKA CREB pathway.

1. Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities via inhibition of TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β. 2. Negletein as a neuroprotectant enhances the action of nerve growth factor and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. 3. Negletein shows a comparable redox-active potential, and it (50 μM, 4 h) can activate Nrf2. 4. Negletein shows significant antimicrobial activity. 5. Negletein has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice.6. Negletein has anti- Alzheimer's disease activity, it inhibits the iron-dependent formation of ROS and also blocks the iron-induced oligomerization of amyloid beta 42 in vitro. 7. Negletein (IC50: 3.89 + - 0.39 microM) exhibits potent inhibitory activity against nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor.

1. Notoginsenosides Fa and R4 show significant neurite outgrowth enhancing activities in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Scabronine M, a novel inhibitor, impedes NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.

NG-012, a nerve growth factor (NGF) potentiator, was isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium verruculosum F-4542. It enhances neurite outgrowth as induced by NGF in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) [1].

Kissoone C (compound 3), a sesquiterpene with a three-membered ring structure, has been isolated from valerian root. This compound has been found to promote nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells [1].

Erinacine U, a cyanogen diterpene extracted from Hericium erinaceus, exhibits neurotrophic properties and significantly enhances neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells [1].

Cerevisterol is a cytotoxic steroid, can inhibit the activity of DNA polymerase alpha. It can stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.

Galgravin has anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, it can promote neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, protect hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta25-35)-induced cytotoxicity, and protect against neuronal death from 1-met

14-Norpseurotin A shows good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities. It also displays significant antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus lysoleikticus with MICs of 3.74, 14.97, and 7.49 microM , r

4,10-Aromadendranediol exhibits neurite outgrowth-inducing activity in neurons via activation of the ERK signaling pathway, which may be beneficial to the treatment of brain diseases.

Gelsemiol has neurotrophic factor-potentiating activity, markedly enhances an increase in the proportion of neurite-bearing cells and an extension of the neurite length in the presence of nerve growth factor.

Gentiside B is a potent inducer of neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells, it shows a significant neuritogenic activity at 30 microM against PC12 cells that is comparable to that seen for the best nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration of 40 ng mL.

Gentiside J is a potent inducer of neurite outgrowth on PC12 cells.

Isodunnianol exhibits anti-AChE activity with an IC50 value of 13.0 uM; it also exhibits neurite outgrowth-promoting activity at the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 uM in the primary cultured rat cortical neurons. Isodunnianol, dunnianol, and Macrant

(-)-Neuchromenin is an inducer of neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells at concentration of 2.5-10 ug ml.

Secologanin dimethyl acetal induces significant neurite outgrowth.

3β,5α,9α-Trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one in the presence of NGF (20 ng/mL) exerts a significant increase in neurite-bearing cells.

Broussonins A and B, new phytoalexins from diseased paper mulberry. Broussonin B can induce neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells at concentration of 50 microg/ml, and show moderate inhibitory activities against a chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome.B