vasoactive

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (Human endothelin-2), is a 21-amino-acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors ET-RA and ET-RB.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide is an agonist of VPAC1/VPAC2 receptors (G protein-coupled receptors). In a model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis, it reduces corneal perforation rates, decreases bacterial load, and inhibits excessive neutrophil infiltration. It enhances anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10 and TGF-β while suppressing pro-inflammatory factors like IL-1β and TNF-α, and upregulates lipid mediator-related enzymes (SOCS3, COX-2, ALOX12) to facilitate inflammation resolution. Vasoactive intestinal peptide shows promise for the research of ocular infectious diseases.

Vasoactive intestinal contractor, a novel member of the endothelin family, stimulates a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in fura-2-overexpressed Swiss 3T3 cells [1.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Guinea pig TFA, a trophic and mitogenic factor, promotes growth in cultured whole embryos and acts as a gastrointestinal hormone, while also indicating potential neurotransmitter functions [1] [2].

Aviptadil (INN) is an analog of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Aviptadil Acetate (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide acetate salt) induces pulmonary vasodilation and inhibits the proliferation of vascular SMCs and platelet aggregation. Avitadil acetate can be used for research on pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), and respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Diproteverine HCl is a novel calcium antagonist with antianginal properties, antispasmodic and vasoactive.

Sacubitril hemicalcium salt (AHU377 calcium salt) is a potent NEP inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. Sacubitril hemicalcium salt is a component of the heart failure medicine LCZ696. Sacubitril hemicalcium salt is a prodrug of LBQ657, which is an inhibitor of the zinc metallopeptidase neprilysin. Neprilysin degrades a variety of vasoactive peptides such as atrial and brain natriuretic peptide, bradykinin, adrenomedullin, and endothelin-1. Inhibition of neprilysin leads to an increased level of these peptides and, thus, antihypertensive effects. Formulations containing AHU377 in combination with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan are used to treat hypertension and heart failure.

Pyrimidine (Metadiazine)s are heterocyclic, six-membered, nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine, cytidine, and thymidine respectively), or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides, and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Pyrimidines serve essential functions in human metabolism as ribonucleotide bases in RNA (uracil and cytosine), and as deoxyribonucleotide bases in DNA (cytosine and thymine), and are linked by phosphodiester bridges to purine nucleotides in double-stranded DNA, in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Pyrimidine activated sugars are also involved in polysaccharide and phospholipid synthesis, glucuronidation in detoxification processes, glycosylation of proteins and lipids and in the recently identified novel endothelium-derived vasoactive dinucleotides.

Norepinephrine is an alkaloid neurotransmitter and an effective adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist that activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors. It is commonly used as a vasoactive agent for the treatment of shock and can also be used to induce cardiomyopathy models.

[D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP acetate is a competitive and selective antagonist of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor (IC50 = 125.8 nM).

Alamandine TFA , a member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a vasoactive peptide, is an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor MrgD. Alamandine TFA targets to protect the kidney and heart through anti-hypertensive actions[1][2].

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate is an antagonist of the actions of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor on cAMP in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG).

Buflomedil is a vasoactive compound. Buflomedil has been used for peripheral arterial diseases.

Ro 25-1553 is a 31-amino acid analog of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) that functions as an agonist for the VIP2 receptor (VPAC2 receptor). In guinea pig models, Ro 25-1553 exhibits bronchodilator effects on tracheal smooth muscle contraction induced by neural stimuli or Carbachol.

Clobenoside is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Clobenoside also has an edema-protective effect while not influencing blood pressure nor heart rat and not producing any direct vasoactive effects.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in normal human pancreas and adrenal gland tissue and in some tumors that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PRP (1-29) is secreted by CHO-K1 cells that express human recombinant preproPACAP.

[Ac-Tyr1,D-Phe2]GRF 1-29, amide (human) is an analog of GRF and a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antagonist.

Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentaammonium, an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide isolated from thrombocytes, is one component of the diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, n=2-7) family. These compounds are found in secretory vesicles, including those in platelets, chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic terminals, and brain synaptosomes[1][2].

Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide isolated from thrombocytes. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is a component of secretory vesicles in platelets, chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic terminals, and brain synaptosomes. Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium is therefore used in purinergic signaling research systems to investigate nucleotide-mediated vascular regulation, neurotransmission processes, and intracellular vesicular signaling mechanisms in physiological models.

Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentalithium is an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide, isolated from thrombocytes. It is a member of the diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, n=2–7) and is found in secretory vesicles of platelets, chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic terminals, and brain synaptosomes.

[Ala2] Endothelin-3, human is a linear analog of endothelin-3 (ET-3) with Ala substituting for Cys residues. ET-3, a vasoactive peptide produced by human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and not expressed in non-muscle-origin human sarcoma cell lines, serves as a paracrine factor by promoting endothelial cell migration [1] [2].

[D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]-VIP TFA acts as a competitive and selective antagonist of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor, with an IC50 of 125.8 nM, and shows no activity on glucagon, secretin, or growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) receptors [1] [2] [3].

[K15,R16,L27]VIP(1-7)/GRF(8-27) (acetate) is an acetate salt form of the peptide [K15,R16,L27]VIP(1-7)/GRF(8-27), acting as a selective agonist for the VIP 1 receptor with IC50 values of 2 nM for human VIP 1, 1 nM for rat VIP 1, and 30,000 nM for rat VIP 2 receptors. The peptide's acronym, VIP, stands for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide.