organisms

Cefoselis Sulfate is a widely used beta-lactam antibiotic.

Oritavancin diphosphate (LY333328 diphosphate) is a novel semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic developed for treating serious Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Bisdionin C is a potent inhibitor of GH18 chitinase with an IC50 of 0.2 μM for A. fumigatus ChiB1. Bisdionin C inhibits human macrophage chitotriosidase(HCHT, IC50 = 8.3 μM) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase, IC50 = 3.4 μM).

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (JC5411) is an HDAC inhibitor. It potentially for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Collagenase Type I is a proteolytic enzyme that primarily targets collagen and is able to break down peptide bonds in collagen. Collagenase is used as a potential therapeutic option to break up the herniated disc material, thereby reducing compression of nearby nerves. Collagenase may aid in the breakdown and reorganization of excessive scar tissue, potentially improving tissue function and appearance. Collagenase has the potential to treat intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, fat mass, lipoma, as well as Peyronie's disease and palmar fibromatosis.

Glyco-Obeticholic acid is an active metabolite of Obeticholic acid. Obeticholic acid is an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR).

Tauro-Obeticholic acid is an active Obeticholic acid metabolite. Obeticholic acid is an orally bioavailable agonist of farnesoid-X receptor (FXR).

Nitroxoline (5-nitroquinolin-8-ol) is a urinary antibacterial agent active against susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms commonly found in urinary tract infections.

Xanthine (Isoxanthine) is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the Xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine is found in most body tissues and fluids in various organisms. Biologically Xanthine is produced from guanine by cypin (guanine deaminase). Furthermore, Xanthines act as antagonists for adenosine receptors, with selectivity depending on whether there are substitution of alkyl groups.

Vancomycin hydrochloride (Vancomycin HCl) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that targets Peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Vancomycin hydrochloride is mainly used for the treatment of severe Gram-positive bacterial infections.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is a mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from Bacillus polymyxa strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B Sulfate (Poly-RX) is used for infections with gram-negative organisms, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

Penicillin V Potassium (Phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium salt) is an orally administered, broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used for treating mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible gram-positive organisms.

Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride is a tetracycline with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride (Isphamycin) is bacteriostatic and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain. This tetracycline is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, spirochetes, rickettsial species, certain protozoa and Mycoplasma and Chlamydia organisms.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantine), an antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis. Activated by bacterial flavoproteins to intermediates that inactivate bacterial ribosomal proteins, Nitrofurantoin is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and for long-term suppression of infections.

3-Amino-2-piperidinone is a metabolite from all living organisms and can be used as a cyclic ornithine analogue.

DL-Panthenol (DL-Pantothenyl alcohol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenate.

Butoconazole Nitrate is the nitrate salt form of butoconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative with fungistatic properties. Butoconazole nitrate (RS 35887) interferes with steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, thereby changing the fungal cell membrane lipid composition. This alters cell permeability and leads to growth inhibition. Butoconazole nitrate is active against many dermatophytes and yeasts. It also contains antibacterial effects against some gram-positive organisms.

Naftifine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of naftifine, an allylamine derivate with synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism through which naftifine hydrochloride exerts its effect is unknown, it appears to selectively inhibit the enzyme squalene 2, 3-epoxidase, thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterol. This results in a decreased amount of sterols, especially ergosterol which is the primary fungal membrane sterol, and a corresponding accumulation of squalene in fungal cells. Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) can be fungicidal as well as fungistatic to yeasts depending on the concentration and the organisms involved.

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate (Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate) inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. This antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis and tularemia.

Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet.

Spermine (Neuridine) is a biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria.

Astaxanthin (trans-Astaxanthin) is a keto-carotenoid in the terpenes class of chemical compounds. It is classified as a xanthophyll but it is a carotenoid with no vitamin A activity. It is present in most red-colored aquatic organisms. Astaxanthin has shown to mediate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It may be found in fish feed or some animal food as a color additive.