nephropathy

Spironolactone (SC9420) is an Aldosterone Antagonist. The mechanism of action of spironolactone is as an Aldosterone Antagonist.

Cassiaside C (Toralactone 9-O-β-D-gentiobioside), a naphthopyrone extracted from Cassia tora seeds, demonstrates in vitro inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE).

Apararenone (MT-3995) is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.

α-NETA is a potent choline acetyltransferase (ChA) inhibitor and an ALDH1A1 and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) antagonist.Anti-cancer activity,Cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition,Dose-dependent reduction of body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice,Significantly reduced expression of renal injury markers,May be CEP-9722 can be used for the study of diabetic nephropathy.

Aminoguanidine hydrochloride (Hydrazinecarboximidamide) is a diamine oxidase and NO synthase inhibitor, used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a phenylacetamide that was formerly used in ANALGESICS but nephropathy and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA led to its withdrawal from the market.

Enalapril Maleate (MK-421 Maleate), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is utilized in the treatment of hypertension, chronic heart failure , and diabetic nephropathy.

Hydroorotic acid（Dihydroorotic acid） is an endogenous metabolite involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and serves as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and adrenal pheochromocytoma.

NFAT inhibitor, Cell Permeable aceate is a cell-permeable nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) inhibitor. It can be used for the research of podocyte and diabetic nephropathy.

BI 703704, a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the ZSF1 rat [1].

Carnostatine (SAN9812) is a potent and selective carnosinase 1 (CN1) inhibitor with a K_i of 11 nM for human recombinant CN1. It may be used to increase renal carnosine concentration as a potential therapeutic modality for diabetic nephropathy (DN). [1].

Carnostatine hydrochloride (SAN9812 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective inhibitor of carnosinase 1 (CN1), with a K_i of 11 nM against human recombinant CN1, showing promise for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) [1].

PF-0463481 is safe and well-tolerated and has the potential for the study of diabetic nephropathy. PF-0463481 is an effective and orally active dual CCR2 CCR5 antagonist. It also has comparable human and rodent CCR2 potency (rat IC50=20.8 nM). PF-0463481

Hirudin is a thrombin inhibitor that improves Gsdmd-mediated pyroptosis by inhibiting irf2. It can be used in research on diabetic nephropathy.

12-Ketodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid and kidney metabolite, serves as a detectable marker for kidney injury [1].

Pyrintegrin, a β1-integrin agonist, promotes the survival of embryonic stem cells, can be used as a podocyte-protective agent, and enhances cell-extracellular matrix adhesion-mediated integrin signaling.

Razuprotafib (AKB-9778) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase ß (HPTPß) inhibitor with an IC50 of 50 nM. It effectively activates Tie-2 and provides protection against acute kidney injury.

Imarikiren (also known as TAK-272) is a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable direct renin inhibitor primarily used for treating diabetic nephropathy. In hPRA assays, TAK-272 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against human renin (IC50 = 2.1 nM) and demonstrates excellent selectivity over other aspartic proteases such as pepsin (IC50 > 10 μM) and cathepsin D (IC50 > 10 μM). In rats, TAK-272 shows significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties (F = 25.2%) and, upon oral administration (3 and 10 mg kg), exhibits a dose-dependent, potent, and sustained antihypertensive effect. Currently, TAK-272 HCl is undergoing human clinical trials.

LJ-2698 is an adenosine A3 receptor antagonist under investigation for treating emphysema and DKD (Diabetic Kidney Disease). In mouse lung models, LJ-2698 effectively mitigates elastase-induced adverse effects and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and apoptosis. Additionally, it is being explored for its potential in treating diabetic nephropathy, successfully preventing various types of kidney damage in mice.

KS370G (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Amide) inhibits UUO-induced renal fibrosis marker expression. KS370G is an orally active hypoglycemic and cardioprotective agent that reduces collagen deposition in obstructed kidneys and significantly decreases renal expression of inflammatory chemokines adhesion molecules and monocyte markers and improves left ventricular hypertrophy and function in the heart of pressure-overloaded mice.KS370G can be used to study renal obstructive nephropathy.

PF-249 (PF-06685249) is a β1-selective AMPK with an EC50 of 12 nM for AMPK α1β1γ1 and can be used in studies about diabetic nephropathy.

CRX-526, a TLR4 antagonist, protects against advanced diabetic nephropathy.

KRH-594 is a potent, specific and insurmountable AT1 receptor antagonist. KRH-594 ameliorates hyperlipidaemia and nephropathy in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. KRH-594 prevents end-organ damage in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive Izm ra

PF-00489791 (PF4634817) is a long-acting PDE5 inhibitor with hypotensive activity for the study of diabetic nephropathy.