gout

Allopurinol (Zyloric) is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.

Febuxostat (TEI 6720) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Agouti-related Protein (AGRP) (83-132) Amide (human) is a segment derived from the agouti-related protein (AGRP), abundantly present in the hypothalamus' arcuate nucleus, and functions predominantly as an inverse agonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), thereby promoting food intake [1] [2].

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is only synthesized in NPY containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. The appetite-stimulating effect

LT052 is a selective and efficient BET BD1 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. It mediates the BRD4 NF-κB NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway and can be used in gout arthritis research.

Epaminurad HCl is a URAT1 inhibitor with partial inhibition of OAT1 and OAT3 (organic anion transporters).Epaminurad HCl is a pro-uric acid excretory agent used for the prevention and treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.

Irtemazole (R 60844) is a novel uricosuric substance that is valuable in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.

Tigulixostat (LC350189) is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) that reduces uric acid production and may be used in studies of gout-related diseases.

Lingdolinurad is a uric acid transporter protein inhibitor targeting hURAT1 for the study of hyperuricemia or gout.

Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate (Lithium citrate tribasic tetrahydrate) , the active component of Lithium, is a medicine used in the therapy of psychiatric disease. It has shown the effects of signaling pathways and metabolic in the brain based on the particular disease and clinical condition model. According to the reports, Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate was used as a mood stabilizer when treating bipolar mood disorders (BD) and lower the risk of self-harm in BD patient. In addition,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been the choice drug in the therapy of acute manic episodes.Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate also could dissolve uric acid crystals in urine achieved from patients with gout. Besides,Citric acid trilithium salt tetrahydrate have some dose-dependent side-effects. The the main side-effects of Lithium Citrate is the tendency to inhibit the prostatic acid phosphatase enzyme (PAP), which result in the accumulation of PAP.

Sulfinpyrazone (NSC-75925) is a uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.

(R)-Naproxen, an anti-inflammatory agent, has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the therapy of acute gout or dysmenorrhea, musculoskeletal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic.

Deoxybenzoin (2-Phenylacetophenone) is used to target immune sensors and xanthine oxidase. It is used for the treatment of gout.

Uric acid sodium is a potent and widely recognized antioxidant with the ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals, helping to maintain blood pressure stability and counteract oxidative stress. It effectively eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, uric acid sodium is closely associated with the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and it can be used to induce hypertension models.

Lesinurad (RDEA594) is a selective inhibitor of uric acid reabsorption which is used in combination with other agents in the therapy of gout. Lesinurad has had a limited clinical use but has not been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.

Verinurad (RDEA3170) (RDEA3170) is an organic anion transporter URAT1 (SLC22A12) inhibitor for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.

Xanthine oxidase-IN-10 (XO8 analog) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO) used in gout research.

Cinchophen (Cinconal), an analgesic drug, is utilized in treating gout.

URAT1 inhibitor 1 (1g) is a potent inhibitor of uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) with an IC50 of 32 nM, and has potential therapeutic applications for treating hyperuricemia associated with gout.

URAT1&XO Inhibitor 3 (compound 27) is an orally effective anti-gout agent targeting XO (IC50: 35 nM) and URAT1 (IC50: 31 nM). This compound exhibits favorable pharmacological and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, as well as in vivo safety.

Tribuzone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of gout and Gilbert syndrome.

Ulodesine (also known as BCX4208) is a purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor being developed by Biocryst for the treatment of gout. Intended as a once-daily oral therapy, it functions by impacting the purine metabolic pathway upstream of xanthine oxidase to decrease serum uric acid (sUA) levels. Its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for PNP is 0.5 nM. Currently, BCX-4208 is in early clinical trials to evaluate its potential benefits in treating psoriasis and gout.

Imidazole-d4 is an isotope-labeled variant of imidazole, which is a heterocyclic aromatic compound. Imidazole molecules serve as inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase (AChEI) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and have been utilized as corrosion inhibitors. They display a range of biological activities, including antifungal, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. Imidazole inhibits platelet microsomes from converting endoperoxides (PGG2 and PGH2) into thromboxane A2. Additionally, imidazole derivatives show inhibitory effects on the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzyme, offering potential for research in Alzheimer’s disease, gout, COVID-19, and thrombotic disorders.

hURAT1 inhibitor 2 (Compound 5) is an inhibitor of hURAT1 (uric acid transporter 1, SLC22A12) with an IC50 of 18 nM. It also exhibits some inhibitory activity against OATP1B1, with an IC50 of 0.73 μM. hURAT1 inhibitor 2 can be used in research related to hyperuricemia, gout, and other diseases associated with abnormal uric acid metabolism.