beta-amyloid peptide

β-Amyloid (25-35) is a fragment of the Alzheimer’s amyloid beta peptide Aβ(25-35), exhibiting neurotoxic effects and commonly used to establish both cellular and animal models of Alzheimer’s disease.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

DAPT (LY-374973) is a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits total Aβ and Aβ42 (IC50=115/200 nM) and is orally active. DAPT is also a Notch inhibitor. DAPT induces cell differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis.

Colivelin is a neuroprotective peptide and activator of STAT3. Colivelin is a hybrid peptide synthesized to enhance the neuroprotective effects of humanin (HN).

Rutin hydrate (Sophorin), a kind of glycoside, widely exists in many plants including citrus fruit.

Tramiprosate (Alzhemed) is an orally active, blood-brain-barrier-crossing, naturally occurring amino acid found in a variety of red seaweeds that binds soluble Aβ and maintains it in a non-protofibrillar form.It is a GABA analog with neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antihypertensive activity.

Hematoxylin (Natural Black 1) is a dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.

Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activity. Geniposide has been shown to regulate Nrf2 translocation.

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Panaxoside Rg1) is a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). It improves spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice, plus demonstrates estrogen-like activity.

Ginsenoside Re (Ginsenoside B2) may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulatory properties.

1-Decanesulfonic acid (Decane-1-sulfonic acid) is a potential amyloid beta peptide (Aβ40) inhibitor, useful for studying cardiovascular diseases.

Qingyangshengenin B (Otophylloside B) is a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen. Qingyangshengenin B protects against Aβ toxicity, which decreases Aβ deposition by decreasing the expression of Aβ at the mRNA level. Qingyangshengenin B has antiepileptic and anti-aging effects, it can extend lifespan, increase heat stress-resistance, delay body paralysis, and increase the chemotaxis response in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's disease. Otophylloside B can suppress the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

Aftin-4, an amyloid forty-two inducer, activates γ-secretase, promoting the generation of amyloid-β-1-42 (Aβ1-42) from amyloid-β protein precursor. Aftin-4(Aftin4) increased Aβ-1-42, but not Aβ-1-40 in mouse hipppocampus, accompanied by learning deficits and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes similar to those found in the brains of patients with AD. Aftin-4(Aftin4) can thus be used to induce a rapid, acute Alzheimer's disease-like toxicity in the rodent brain.

Frentizole, an immunosuppressive agent, is an inhibitor of the Aβ-ABAD interaction

Dihydroergocristine mesylate (DHEC (mesylate))(DHEC mesylate) is the methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. Dihydroergocristine mesylate is a inhibitor of γ-secretase (GSI), , reduces the production of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptides, binds directly to γ-secretase and Nicastrin with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 25.7 nM and 9.8 μM, respectively[1]. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a geroprotector. It contains a dihydroergocristine.

PQM130 is a neuroprotective compound ,and is a potential anti-AD drug.

ALZ-801 is an orally available, valine-conjugated prodrug of tramiprosate. ALZ-801 is an advanced and markedly improved candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ALZ-801 is a potent and orally available small-molecule β-amyloid (Aβ) anti-oligomer and aggregation inhibitor, a valine-conjugated prodrug of Tramiprosate with substantially improved PK properties and gastrointestinal tolerability compared with the parent compound.

β-Amyloid (25-35) acetate is the Aβ(25-35) fragment of amyloid beta peptide, exhibiting neurotoxicity and commonly employed in constructing Alzheimer's disease cell and animal models.

TAE-1 is an inhibitor of amyloid-β fibril formation and aggregation. It inhibits cholinesterases AChE and BuChE with IC50 of 0.3 μM and 3.9 μM, respectively.

neuroprotective peptide that binds to amyloid beta (Aβ)

Azeliragon (TTP488) is an antagonist at the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products; is evaluated as a potential treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer_acute_s disease (AD).

Ginsenoside Rg2 (Chikusetsusaponin I) is one of the major active components of ginseng, act as an NF-κB inhibitor.

SMER28 is a small-molecule enhancer (SMER) of autophagy, inducing autophagy independently of rapamycin in mammalian cells via an mTOR-independent mechanism and prevented the accumulation of amyloid beta peptide.