airway

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) is an important intracellular signaling agent generated by the reaction of linoleic acid with plant and mammalian lipoxygenases. It is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems and inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium, while down-regulating IRGpIIb IIIa receptor expression at around 1 μM. Additionally, (S)-Coriolic acid is a metabolite of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and often acts as an endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. It induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial damage.

Sphondin has anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities, it possessed an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells.

Platycodin D3 is a NF-κB inhibitor, it could as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases, it can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin; it can significantly enhance mitogen- and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice. Platycodin D3 also exerts anti-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity.

1. Narirutin (Naringenin-7-O-rutinoside) has antiproliferative property. 2. Narirutin has anti-oxidant property. 3. Narirutin has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties , can reduce airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized challenged NC Nga mice , a model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Platycodin D may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA. Platycodin D (10 30 μM) suppresses prostaglandin E2 production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Platycodin D and D3 are useful as expectorant agents in the treatment of various airway diseases, they can increase mucin release from rat and hamster tracheal surface epithelial cell culture and also from intact rat trachea upon nebulization.

Mogroside V is a widely used sweetener, has in vitro AMPK activating effect, it also has anti-inflammatory potential in murine macrophages and a murine ear edema model, and has the potential to protect against LPS-induced airway inflammation in a model of ALI. Mogroside V has antioxidant properties and possesses tumor growth inhibitory activity in pancreatic cancer models.

Nodakenin ((+)-Marmesinin) is a compound with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Eucalyptol, a natural monoterpenoid and cyclic ether found in eucalyptus species, effectively controls excessive airway mucus secretion and asthma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It serves as an efficacious treatment for non-purulent sinusitis, reducing inflammation and pain when applied topically, and demonstrating leukemic cell-killing capabilities in vitro.

1. Coixol (MBOA) acts as a central muscle relaxant with an anti-convulsant effect. 2. Coixol interacts with the pituitary to stimulate reproduction in voles. 3. Coixol has the ability to interact with FSH to stimulate follicular development and increase ovulation. 4. Coixol can regulate gene expression, production and secretion of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

1. Byakangelicol may inhibit P-gp expressed at the BBB even under in vivo conditions. 2. Byakangelicol can inhibit IL-1beta-induced PGE2 release in A549 cells; this inhibition may be mediated by suppression of COX-2 expression and the activity of COX-2 en

(-)-Praeruptorin A has anti-inflammatory, anti-contractile and anti-hyperplasia activities, it exerts distinct relaxant effects on isolated rat aorta rings dependent on endothelium and nitric oxide synthesis;it also can significantly suppress airway inflammation and airway remodeling induced by ovalbumin challenge, and is a potential candidate for the treatment of asthma. (-)-Praeruptorin A resensitizes Pgp-mediated MDR (Pgp-MDR) cancer cells to cancer drugs.

Trifolirhizin exerts varying degrees of inhibition on tyrosinase-dependent melanin biosynthesis, and therefore, are candidates as skin-whitening agents.Trifolirhizin possesses potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities.Trifolirhizin shows in vitro inhibitory effects on the growth of human A2780 ovarian and H23 lung cancer cells. Trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine mediated airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or directly relaxes pre-contracted ASM independent of β 2 -adrenoceptors.

Sappanone A is a high isoflavanone that exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating Nrf2.Sappanone A attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Sulfuretin is a potent anti-oxidant, has protective effect against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2 ARE and JNK ERK signa

Platyconic Acid A, derived from changkil saponins extracted from platycodon grandiflorum, is a potent compound employed for studying the mitigation of airway inflammation.

1,6-O,O-Diacetylbritannilactone(OODBL) has anti-inflammatory activity, it has a potential therapeutic efficacy on inflammatory diseases especially allergic airway disease as a lead compound. OODBL has anti-asthmatic activity, it reduces leukotriene C4 pro

cGAMP disodium is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) found in bacteria that acts as an endogenous second messenger affecting interferon production in response to cytoplasmic DNA. cGAMP disodium cascades signals from type I interferons and other immune mediators by activating interferon gene stimulator (STING). cGAMP disodium is a potent sublingual immune adjuvant that enables better immune function (serum anti-PA neutralization and airway secretions anti-PA SIgA response).

PF-1367550 is a pan-JAK inhibitor that effectively reduces the levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 released by primary airway epithelial cells.

Manassantin A is a high potent HIF-1 inhibitor, it protects the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced acute gastric injury, and suggest that these protective effects might be associated with COX PGE2 stimulation, inhibition of iNOS production and NF-κB act

Deapioplatycodin D and platycodin D can regulate the production and secretion of airway mucin and, at least in part, explains the traditional use of aqueous extract of APG as expectorants in diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Deapi-platycodin D has anti-inflammatory activity.

Duramycin is a cyclic peptide lantibiotic derived from Streptomyces cinnamoneuma. Duramycin interacts with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and has antibacterial, antiviral effects. Duramycin stimulates chloride secretion in airway epithelium and has the potential for cystic fibrosis treatment.

Quercetin 3-O-methyl ether is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE)3 4 inhibitor, it has potential for treating asthma against ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

Ayanin has vasorelaxant activity, it also may have the potential for use in treating allergic asthma.The IC(50) value of Ayanin (quercetin-3,7,4'-O-trimethylether) is 2.2microM for inhibiting interleukin (IL)-4 production from purified basophils.