programmed cell death

Concanavalin A is a natural product, a phytoalexin (glycan-binding protein). Concanavalin A has antitumor activity and can also induce acute liver injury.

Lipid PPz-2R1 is an ionizable cationic lipid employed in crafting lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo. LNPs with lipid PPz-2R1, encapsulating an mRNA reporter, target the lungs preferentially over the heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys in mice. Additionally, these LNPs, when encapsulating mRNA encoding phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), enhance PTEN protein levels in PTEN-deficient Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. In an orthotopic murine LLC model, these Lipid PPz-2R1-containing LNPs, carrying PTEN mRNA, reduce tumor growth either when administered alone or alongside an antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).