lipoproteins

BLT-1 is a scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI)inhibitor.

Imanixil (HOE-402 free base) is an LDL receptor (LDLR) inducer, a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic compound with antiatherogenic activity that inhibits the production of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs).Imanixil acts by stimulating the LDL receptor pathway.

MAC13243 HCl, an inhibitor of LolA, a periplasmic chaperone that transports lipoproteins from the inner membrane to the outer membrane, is an antimicrobial agent with specificity and significant inhibitory effects on Gram-negative bacteria.

Bezafibrate (BM15075) is an antilipemic agent that lowers CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES. It decreases LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and increases HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I/R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Arachidic acid (Icosanoic Acid) is a saturated fatty acid found naturally in fish and vegetable oils (such as those from peanuts). It can also be formed by the hydrogenation of arachidonic acid. Diets rich in saturated fatty acids, such as arachidic acid, are known to increase serum low-density lipoproteins resulting in high blood cholesterol levels.

Melinamide is an antilipidemic compound with pharmacological properties similar to gemfibrozil. Melinamide reduces elevated serum lipids primarily by lowering the triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. In Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, where cholesterol elevation arises from intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), melinamide can decrease serum cholesterol levels.

Meglutol (3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid) is an antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.

Plozasiran, previously called ARO-APOC3, is a first-in-class investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic that is specifically designed to actively suppress hepatic production of apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3), a critical structural and functional component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and a central regulator of systemic triglyceride metabolism, thereby addressing dyslipidemia at the level of gene expression through targeted post-transcriptional silencing mechanisms.

Pravastatin (CS-514) is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.6 μM for sterol synthesis, capable of lowering serum cholesterol.

Oleic acid-2,6-diisopropylanilide is an inhibitor of acylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), an intracellular cholesteryl ester synthase involved in dietary cholesterol absorption, with an IC50 of 7 nM. When administered at 0.05% to rabbits or rats on a high fat, high cholesterol diet, it reduces low-density lipoproteins and increases high-density lipoprotein levels.

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. CAY10485 inhibits human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 with an IC50 values of 95 and 81 μM, respectively. It also inhibits copper-mediated oxidation of low density lipoproteins by 91% at a concentration of 2 μM.

Acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 and -2 (ACAT-1 and ACAT-2) catalyze the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A, and may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. CAY10486 inhibits human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 equally with an IC50 value of approximately 60 μM. It also inhibits copper-mediated oxidation of low density lipoproteins by about 28% at a concentration of 3 μM.

Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 is a mouse metabolite functionally related to linoleic acid.18:2 LysoPC is a major component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and low plasma levels of LPC 18:2 have been associated with metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease.1-Linoleoyl 1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is also a substrate for the generation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from Autotaxin (LysoPLD), which plays an important role in cell motility.

Lysosphingomyelin is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid and a constituent of lipoproteins.1,2It is produced by the removal of the acyl group from sphingomyelin by a deacylase and acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate . D-erythroLysosphingomyelin is an agonist of the S1P receptors S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3(EC50s = 167.7, 368.1, and 482.6 nM, respectively, for the human receptors).3It is also an agonist of the orphan receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (ORG1) that induces calcium accumulation in cells overexpressing OGR1 (EC50= ~35 nM).4Levels of D-erythrolysosphingomyelin are increased in skin isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as postmortem brain from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A, but not type B.2,5L-threolysosphingomyelin is also an S1P1-3agonist (EC50s = 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM, respectively).3This product is a mixture of D-erythroand L-threolysosphingomyelin. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1321] 1.Ito, M., Kurita, T., and Kita, K.A novel enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of ceramides in various glycosphingolipids as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso formsJ. Biol. Chem.270(41)24370-24374(1995) 2.Nixon, G.F., Mathieson, F.A., and Hunter, I.The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholineProg. Lipid Res.47(1)62-75(2008) 3.Im, D.-S., Clemens, J., Macdonald, T.L., et al.Characterization of the human and mouse sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P5 (Edg-8): Structure-activity relationship of sphingosine1-phosphate receptorsBiochemistry40(46)14053-14060(2001) 4.Meyer zu Heringdorf, D., Himmel, H.M., and Jakobs, K.H.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of actionBiochim. Biophys. Acta1582(1-3)178-189(2002) 5.Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C., and Vanier, M.T.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Niemann-Pick disease brain: Accumulation in type A but not in type BNeurochem. Res.24(2)199-205(1999)

Sphingomyelins are complex membrane lipids composed of phosphorylcholine, sphingosine, and an acylated group, such as a fatty acid. Lysosphingomyelin is a naturally-occurring lipid which is produced by the removal of the acylated group of sphingomyelin by a deacylase. Lysosphingomyelin may, in turn, serve as a substrate for autotaxin, which removes choline to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate. The receptors and signaling pathways that are activated by lyso-sphingosine are diverse and vary between cell types. Lysosphingomyelin occurs naturally in plasma, is a constituent of lipoproteins, and is increased in some diseases, including dermatitis and Niemann-Pick disease.

CETP-IN-4, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, effectively impedes the activity of CETP, an enzyme that facilitates the transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between lipoproteins. This inhibition may contribute to the management of dyslipidemia by altering lipid profiles and reducing cardiovascular risks. [Doses and specific effects may vary based on individual patient conditions.]

Cholesteryl palmitic acid is a cholesteryl ester. A cholesteryl ester is an ester of cholesterol. Fatty acid esters of cholesterol constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination of steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima (the innermost layer of an artery, in direct contact with the flowing blood) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arterial blood vessels. It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part to the deposition of lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides).

1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (PLPC) is a naturally occurring phosphatidylcholine in which the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone are linked to saturated palmitic acid (16:0) and polyunsaturated linoleic acid (18:2 (9Z,12Z)), and is an important glycerophospholipid component of cell membranes and lipoproteins. Because it contains both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid chains, PLPC exhibits moderate membrane fluidity in biological membranes; the linoleic acid side chain contains a double bond that is prone to oxidation, making it commonly used in studies of lipid peroxidation. PLPC is widely used in the construction of liposomes, micelles, and artificial membrane models to study membrane physical properties, oxidative damage, and lipid-related biological processes. In biomedical research, it is also frequently used as a control lipid to assess the effects of oxidative stress on membrane function.

CS-6253TFA is the TFA salt form of CS-6253. This compound serves as an activator for the ATP Binding Cassette 1 (ABCA1). It effectively modulates the amyloid-beta Aβ42/40 ratio and influences the metabolism of lipoproteins in plasma. Additionally, CS-6253TFA facilitates the production of cholesterol-rich high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and induces the release of microparticles.

Anti-ANGPTL8 Antibody is a specialized monoclonal antibody target the angiopoietin-like 8 protein, restoration of lipoprotein lipase activity by disrupting the inhibitory signaling complex to promote the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins across various preclinical metabolic experimental models.

Anti-CD36 Antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD36 (Fatty Acid Translocase/FAT). CD36 is a multi-ligand scavenger receptor widely expressed on monocytes/macrophages, platelets, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, facilitating the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and the binding of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). By specifically binding to CD36, this antibody blocks fatty acid transport or inhibits oxLDL-induced foam cell formation, making it a valuable tool for research in metabolic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes) and cancer lipid metabolism.

Syringic acid-D6 is the deuterated form of Syringic acid. Syringic acid (T2883) is associated with high oxidative activity of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and can inhibit the oxidation of LDL.

Bezafibrate-D6 (dimethyl-D6) is a deuterated compound of Bezafibrate. Bezafibrate (T0841) has a CAS number of 41859-67-0. Bezafibrate (T0841) is an antilipemic agent that lowers CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES. It decreases LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and increases HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.